{"refrec":{"BRefID":347131,"RR":"<b>Devriendt, L.S.; Mezger, E.M.; Olsen, E.K.; Watkins, J.M.; Kaczmarek, K.; Nehrke, G.; de Nooijer, L.J.; Reichart, G.-J.</b> (2021). Sodium incorporation into inorganic CaCO3 and implications for biogenic carbonates. <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 314</i>: 294-312. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.024</a>","BEntID":343823,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 314</i>: 294-312. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.024</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Devriendt, L.S.; Mezger, E.M.; Olsen, E.K.; Watkins, J.M.; Kaczmarek, K.; Nehrke, G.; de Nooijer, L.J.; Reichart, G.-J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Devriendt, L.S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The sodium content of biogenic carbonates shows potential as a    palaeoceanographic proxy for salinity and/or calcium concentration but the    incorporation of Na<sup>+</sup> into inorganic and biogenic calcite is    poorly understood. Taxonomic and conspecific variations in the sensitivity    of carbonate Na/Ca to seawater Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> and salinity    point to a biological influence on Na<sup>+</sup> partitioning and/or    covariations with other environmental parameters. One major unknown of the    biological control during calcification is the rate of mineral    precipitation, which has a strong control on trace-element partitioning in    inorganic carbonate systems. We conducted inorganic CaCO<sub>3</sub>    precipitation experiments where the effect of solution composition and    crystal growth rate on Na<sup>+</sup> uptake by carbonate crystals are    independently assessed. Calcite crystals were precipitated at rates varying    from 10<sup>−6.5</sup> to 10<sup>−4.5</sup> mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s, while    faster growth rate than 10<sup>−4.5</sup> mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s resulted in    the coprecipitation of aragonite and vaterite. For a given crystal growthrate, calcite Na/Ca increases by 0.22% per % increase in solution (Na    <sup>+</sup>)<sup>2</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> activity ratio. However, calcite    Na/Ca increases up to fivefold per order of magnitude increase in crystal    growth rate, suggesting crystal growth rate and precursor phases are likely    dominant controls on marine carbonate Na/Ca. We use these results in the    framework of the DePaolo (2011) model for trace element uptake by calcite    to assess the origin of variable (Na/Ca)<sub>foraminifer</sub>    sensitivities to [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>seawater</sub> and salinity. Last,    maximum mineral growth rates are estimated for a range of marine carbonatesbased on known carbonate Na/Ca and the (Na<sup>+</sup>)<sup>2</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> activity ratio of seawater. Estimated rates vary from 10    <sup>−5.6</sup> (planktic foraminifers) to above 10<sup>−4</sup> (sea    urchins) mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s. Such high mineral growth rates imply high    degrees of oversaturation with respect to calcite (10 to &gt;100),    supporting the idea that elemental partitioning and isotopic fractionation    recorded in marine biogenic carbonates are controlled by kinetic rather    than equilibrium exchanges.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Sodium incorporation into inorganic CaCO3 and implications for biogenic carbonates","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:39.728941","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Na/Ca; Sodium; Calcite; CaCO3; Crystal growth rate; Salinity; Calcium concentration; Foraminifer; Marine carbonates; Mineral growth rate","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-10-26","DateCreate":"2021-10-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000710930300004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.024"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":347131,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"294-312","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"314","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42901,"SerRR":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Elsevier: Oxford,New York etc..  ISSN 0016-7037; e-ISSN 1872-9533","StandardTitleSer":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","ISSN":"0016-7037","AbbrevSer":"Geochim. Cosmochim. 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