{"refrec":{"BRefID":347133,"RR":"<b>Raposeiro, P.M.; Hernández, A.; Pla-Rabes, S.; Gonçalves, V.; Bao, R.; Sáez, A.; Shanahan, T.; Benavente, M.; de Boer, E.J.; Richter, N.; Gordon, V.; Marques, H.; Sousa, P.M.; Souto, M.; Matias, M.G.; Aguiar, N.; Pereira, C.; Ritter, C.; Rubio, M.J.; Salcedo, M.; Vázquez-Loureiro, D.; Margalef, O.; Amaral-Zettler, L.A.; Costa, A.C.; Huang, Y.; van Leeuwen, J.F. N.; Masqué, P.; Prego, R.; Ruiz-Fernández, A.C.; Sanchez-Cabeza, J.-A.; Trigo, R.; Giralt, S.</b> (2021). Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118(41)</i>: e2108236118. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118</a>","BEntID":343825,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118(41)</i>: e2108236118. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Raposeiro, P.M.; Hernández, A.; Pla-Rabes, S.; Gonçalves, V.; Bao, R.; Sáez, A.; Shanahan, T.; Benavente, M.; de Boer, E.J.; Richter, N.; Gordon, V.; Marques, H.; Sousa, P.M.; Souto, M.; Matias, M.G.; Aguiar, N.; Pereira, C.; Ritter, C.; Rubio, M.J.; Salcedo, M.; Vázquez-Loureiro, D.; Margalef, O.; Amaral-Zettler, L.A.; Costa, A.C.; Huang, Y.; van Leeuwen, J.F. N.; Masqué, P.; Prego, R.; Ruiz-Fernández, A.C.; Sanchez-Cabeza, J.-A.; Trigo, R.; Giralt, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Raposeiro, P.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Humans have made such dramatic and permanent changes to Earth's landscapes    that much of it is now substantially and irreversibly altered from its    preanthropogenic state. Remote islands, until recently isolated from    humans, offer insights into how these landscapes evolved in response to    human-induced perturbations. However, little is known about when and how    remote systems were colonized because archaeological data and historical    records are scarce and incomplete. Here, we use a multiproxy approach to    reconstruct the initial colonization and subsequent environmental impacts    on the Azores Archipelago. Our reconstructions provide unambiguous evidencefor widespread human disturbance of this archipelago starting between 700    <sub>-60</sub><sup>+50</sup> and 850<sub>-60</sub><sup>+60</sup> Common Era    (CE), ca. 700 y earlier than historical records suggest the onset of    Portuguese settlement of the islands. Settlement proceeded in three phases,    during which human pressure on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems grew    steadily (i.e., through livestock introductions, logging, and fire),    resulting in irreversible changes. Our climate models suggest that the    initial colonization at the end of the early Middle Ages (500 to 900 CE)    occurred in conjunction with anomalous northeasterly winds and warmer    Northern Hemisphere temperatures. These climate conditions likely inhibited    exploration from southern Europe and facilitated human settlers from the    northeast Atlantic. These results are consistent with recent archaeological    and genetic data suggesting that the Norse were most likely the earliest    settlers on the islands.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:39.744566","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"paleolimnology; island colonization; biomarkers; climate simulations; ecosystem disruption","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-01-25","DateCreate":"2021-10-27","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000708641500005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.2108236118"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":347133,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"e2108236118","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"118","Issue":"41","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43690,"SerRR":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 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