{"refrec":{"BRefID":347371,"RR":"<b>Zitoun, R.; Achterberg, E.P.; Browning, T.J.; Hoffmann, L.J.; Krisch, S.; Sander, S.G.; Koschinsky, A.</b> (2021). The complex provenance of Cu-binding ligands in the South-East Atlantic. <i>Mar. Chem. 237</i>: 104047. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104047\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104047</a>","BEntID":344063,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Chem. 237</i>: 104047. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104047\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104047</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Zitoun, R.; Achterberg, E.P.; Browning, T.J.; Hoffmann, L.J.; Krisch, S.; Sander, S.G.; Koschinsky, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Zitoun, R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<p>    Organic ligands play a key role in the marine    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/biogeochemical-cycle\"        title=\"Learn more about biogeochemical cycle from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        biogeochemical cycle    </a>    of copper (Cu), a bio-essential element, regulating its solubility and    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/bio-availability\"        title=\"Learn more about bioavailability from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        bioavailability    </a>    . However, the sources, abundance, and distribution of these ligands are    still poorly understood. In this study, we examined vertical Cu speciation    profiles from the South-East Atlantic (GEOTRACES section GA08). Profiles    were collected from a range of ocean conditions, including the Benguela    upwelling region, the oligotrophic South Atlantic    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gyre\"        title=\"Learn more about Gyre from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        Gyre    </a>    , and the Congo River outflow. In general, the lack of a significant    correlation between most of the parameters assessed here with Cu speciation    data obscures the provenance of Cu-binding ligands, suggesting that Cu    speciation in the South-East Atlantic is influenced by a complex interplay    between biotic and abiotic processes. Nevertheless, the total dissolved Cu    (Cu<sub>T</sub>) illustrated an allochthonous origin in the working area,    while Cu-binding ligands showed both an allochthonous and a biogenic,    autochthonous origin. Pigment concentrations showed that the    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/phylogeography\"        title=\"Learn more about phylogeography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        phylogeography    </a>    of different    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/micro-organism\"        title=\"Learn more about microorganisms from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        microorganisms    </a>    influenced the spatial features of the Cu-binding ligand pool in the    South-East Atlantic. Allochthonous Cu-binding ligand sources in the upper    water column are likely associated with dissolved organic matter which    originated from the Congo River and the Benguela upwelling system. Deep    water ligand sources could include refractory    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/dissolved-organic-carbon\"        title=\"Learn more about dissolved organic carbon from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        dissolved organic carbon    </a>    (DOC), resuspended benthic inputs, and lateral advected inputs from the    shelf margin. The degradation of L<sub>1</sub>-type ligands and/or    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/siderophore\"        title=\"Learn more about siderophores from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        siderophores    </a>    in low oxygen conditions may also be a source of L<sub>2</sub>-type ligands    in the deep. Free Cu ion levels (1.7 to 156 fM), the biologically available    form of Cu<sub>T</sub>, were below the putative biolimiting threshold of    many marine organisms. Two classes of ligands were found in this study with    total ligand concentrations ([L<sub>T</sub>]) ranging from 2.5 to 283.0 nMand conditional stability constants (log<em>K</em><sub>CuL, Cu2+</sub>    <sup>cond</sup>) ranging from 10.7 to 14.6. The Cu speciation values were    spatially variable across the three subregions, suggesting that    biogeochemical processes and sources strongly influence Cu speciation.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The complex provenance of Cu-binding ligands in the South-East Atlantic","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:32:41.385066","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"GEOTRACES G08; Angola Basin; Cape Basin; Benguela upwelling; Organic ligands; Dissolved Cu; Cu speciation","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-11-18","DateCreate":"2021-11-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000711163300005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104047"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":347371,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"104047","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"237","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43353,"SerRR":"Marine Chemistry. 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