{"refrec":{"BRefID":347614,"RR":"<b>Ronge, T.A.; Frische, M.; Fietzke, J.; Stephens, A.L.; Bostock, H.; Tiedemann, R.</b> (2021). Southern Ocean contribution to both steps in deglacial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> rise. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 22117. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w</a>","BEntID":344306,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 11(1)</i>: 22117. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ronge, T.A.; Frische, M.; Fietzke, J.; Stephens, A.L.; Bostock, H.; Tiedemann, R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ronge, T.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The transfer of vast amounts of carbon from a deep oceanic reservoir to the atmosphere is considered to be a dominant driver of the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Paleoceanographic reconstructions reveal evidence for the existence of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich waters in the mid to deep Southern Ocean. These water masses ventilate to the atmosphere south of the Polar Front, releasing CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the formation and subduction of intermediate-waters. Changes in the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in the sea water directly affect the oceanic carbon chemistry system. Here we present B/Ca ratios, a proxy for delta carbonate ion concentrations Δ[CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>], and stable isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C) from benthic foraminifera from a sediment core bathed in Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), offshore New Zealand in the Southwest Pacific. We find two transient intervals of rising [CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>] and δ<sup>13</sup>C that that are consistent with the release of CO<sub>2</sub> via the Southern Ocean. These intervals coincide with the two pulses in rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at ~ 17.5–14.3&nbsp;ka and 12.9–11.1&nbsp;ka. Our results lend support for the release of sequestered CO<sub>2</sub> from the deep ocean to surface and atmospheric reservoirs during the last deglaciation, although further work is required to pin down the detailed carbon transfer pathways.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Southern Ocean contribution to both steps in deglacial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> rise","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-21 01:33:52.100261","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-11-25","DateCreate":"2021-11-25","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000717747400096","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":347614,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"22117","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322","StandardTitleSer":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group)","ISSN":"2045-2322","AbbrevSer":"NPG Scientific Reports","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":22117,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Ronge","Firstname":"Thomas","Initials":"T.A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":471204,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Frische","Firstname":"Matthias","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":471205,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Fietzke","Firstname":"Jan","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":471206,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Stephens","Firstname":"Alyssa","Initials":"A.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":471207,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bostock","Firstname":"Helen","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":471208,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Tiedemann","Firstname":"Ralf","Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":344306,"AutID":272580,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":369525,"LibID":36,"BRefID":347614,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"369525","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Nature Publishing Group","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":344306,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":344306,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w","externalID":"10.1038/s41598-021-01657-w","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":97821,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2021-11-25 08:50:40.133000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2021-11-25 08:50:40.133000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}