{"refrec":{"BRefID":347809,"RR":"<b>Petraccioli, A.; Crovato, P.; Guarino, F.M.; Mezzasalma, M.; Odierna, G.; Picariello, O.; Maio, N.</b> (2021). Chromosome diversity and evolution in Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): a synthesis from original and literature data. <i>Animals 11(9)</i>: 2551. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092551\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092551</a>","BEntID":344501,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Animals 11(9)</i>: 2551. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092551\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092551</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Petraccioli, A.; Crovato, P.; Guarino, F.M.; Mezzasalma, M.; Odierna, G.; Picariello, O.; Maio, N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Petraccioli, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We performed a molecular and a comparative cytogenetic analysis on different Helicoidea species and a review of all the available chromosome data on the superfamily to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity. Standard karyotyping, banding techniques, and Fluorescence in situ hybridization of Nucleolus Organizer Region loci (NOR-FISH) were performed on fifteen species of three families: two Geomitridae, four Hygromiidae and nine Helicidae. The karyotypes of the studied species varied from 2<span class=\"html-italic\">n</span> = 44 to 2<span class=\"html-italic\">n</span> = 60, highlighting a high karyological diversity. NORs were on a single chromosome pair in <span class=\"html-italic\">Cernuella virgata</span> and on multiple pairs in four Helicidae, representing ancestral and derived conditions, respectively. Heterochromatic C-bands were found on pericentromeric regions of few chromosomes, being Q- and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) negative. NOR-associated heterochromatin was C-banding and chromomycin A<sub>3</sub> (CMA<sub>3</sub>) positive. Considering the available karyological evidence on Helicoidea and superimposing the chromosome data gathered from different sources on available phylogenetic inferences, we describe a karyotype of 2<span class=\"html-italic\">n</span> = 60 with all biarmed elements as the ancestral state in the superfamily. From this condition, an accumulation of chromosome translocations led to karyotypes with a lower chromosome number (2<span class=\"html-italic\">n</span> = 50–44). This process occurred independently in different lineages, while an augment of the chromosome number was detectable in Polygyridae. Chromosome inversions were also relevant chromosome rearrangements in Helicoidea, leading to the formation of telocentric elements in karyotypes with a relatively low chromosome count.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Chromosome diversity and evolution in Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): a synthesis from original and literature data","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"16S rRNA gene; evolution; FISH; karyotype; molecular phylogeny; mollusca","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-12-06","DateCreate":"2021-12-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000699187900001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3390/ani11092551"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":347809,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"2551","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":"9","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":263336,"SerRR":"Animals. 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