{"refrec":{"BRefID":347843,"RR":"<b>Mhaisen, F.T.; Abdul-Ameer, K.</b> (2021). Checklist of fish hosts of species of <i>Contracaecum</i> Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Anisakidae) in Iraq. <i>Biological and Applied Environmental Research 5(2)</i>: 281-306. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.2.281\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.2.281</a>","BEntID":344535,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biological and Applied Environmental Research 5(2)</i>: 281-306. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.2.281\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.2.281</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Mhaisen, F.T.; Abdul-Ameer, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Mhaisen, F.T.; Abdul-Ameer, K.","Englishabstract":"Surveying literature concerning the occurrence of the nematode  larval forms of the genus <i>Contracaecum</i> in fishes of Iraq, showed the infection  of 44 freshwater and marine fish species in Iraq with such larvae. The infection  included larvae of unidentified <i>Contracaecum</i> species, <i>Contracaecum rudolphii</i> type-B and <i>Contracaecum septentrionale</i> Kreis, 1955. The infections  were distributed in Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers as well as some of their tributaries, lakes, marshes, drainage networks in addition to many fish ponds and floating cages in different parts of Iraq. This checklist also provided references on some histopathological and biochemical changes, some ecological aspects of the infection, life cycle and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, this checklist includes literature on six species of adult <i>Contracaecum</i> species as well some unidentified species of this genus from 17 bird species from different parts of Iraq, of which both Eurasian bittern <i>Botaurus stellaris</i> and pygmy cormorant <i>Microcarbo pygmaeus</i> were infected with a maximum number of three <i>Contracaecum</i> species as well as unidentified species of this genus. 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