{"refrec":{"BRefID":348095,"RR":"<b>Temmink, R.J.M.; van den Akker, M.; van Leeuwen, C.H.A.; Thöle, Y.; Olff, H.; Reijers, V.C.; Weideveld, S.T.J.; Robroek, B.J.M.; Lamers, L.P.M.; Bakker, E.S.</b> (2022). Herbivore exclusion and active planting stimulate reed marsh development on a newly constructed archipelago. <i>Ecol. Eng. 175</i>: 106474. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106474\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106474</a>","BEntID":344789,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ecol. Eng. 175</i>: 106474. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106474\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106474</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Temmink, R.J.M.; van den Akker, M.; van Leeuwen, C.H.A.; Thöle, Y.; Olff, H.; Reijers, V.C.; Weideveld, S.T.J.; Robroek, B.J.M.; Lamers, L.P.M.; Bakker, E.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Temmink, R.J.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<p>    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/swamps\"        title=\"Learn more about Wetlands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        Wetlands    </a>    provide vital services on which human societies depend. As they have been    rapidly degrading due to anthropogenic impacts worldwide, wetland    restoration is increasingly applied. When a return to the original state of    a wetland is constrained, forward-looking restoration can provide a new way    to enhance an ecosystem's ecological integrity. However, the direction in    which new ecosystems will develop is strongly coupled to the initial    environmental conditions and may benefit from active decisions on (future)    management.</p><p>    To improve the natural values of a degrading freshwater lake in the    Netherlands, a forward-looking restoration project was initiated in lake    Markermeer in 2016, involving the construction of a 700-ha    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/archipelago\"        title=\"Learn more about archipelago from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        archipelago    </a>    called the “Marker Wadden”. This archipelago should provide new habitat to    higher    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/trophic-level\"        title=\"Learn more about trophic levels from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        trophic levels    </a>    in the lake's food web through the development of currently missing Common    reed (    <em>        <a            href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/phragmites-australis\"            title=\"Learn more about Phragmites australis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"        >            Phragmites australis        </a>    </em>    ) dominated    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/marshland\"        title=\"Learn more about marshlands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        marshlands    </a>    with gradual land-water transitions. However, the restoration project faces    strong    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/grazing-pressure\"        title=\"Learn more about grazing pressure from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        grazing pressure    </a>    by Greylag geese (    <em>        <a            href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/anser-anser\"            title=\"Learn more about Anser anser from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"        >            Anser anser        </a>    </em>    ) that possibly inhibit reed establishment.</p><p>    Here, we aimed to unravel the effect of    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/herbivory\"        title=\"Learn more about herbivory from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        herbivory    </a>    by Greylag geese (using exclosures) and the introduction of reed    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/rhizome\"        title=\"Learn more about rhizomes from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        rhizomes    </a>    on early vegetation development and carbon dynamics on the bare soils of    this new ecosystem in a manipulative field experiment. Our results showed    that excluding herbivores strongly increased reed-vegetation cover, density    and maximum height, but only when reed rhizomes were actively introduced.    Spontaneous vegetation development on bare soils was limited, and    colonization by Broadleaf cattail (    <em>        <a            href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/typha-latifolia\"            title=\"Learn more about Typha latifolia from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"        >            Typha latifolia        </a>    </em>    ) dominated over reed.    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/net-ecosystem-exchange\"        title=\"Learn more about Net ecosystem exchange from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        Net ecosystem exchange    </a>    of carbon and    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ecosystem-respiration\"        title=\"Learn more about ecosystem respiration from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        ecosystem respiration    </a>    were strongly linked to vegetation development, with highest methane    emissions in the most densely vegetated plots.</p><p>    We conclude that the establishment of reed marshes can strongly benefit    from excluding herbivores and the introduction of reed, and that otherwise    other    <a        href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/vegetation-types\"        title=\"Learn more about vegetation types from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\"    >        vegetation types    </a>    may establish more slowly in newly created wetlands. This illustrates how    active management of vegetation development has the potential to benefit    novel ecosystems.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Herbivore exclusion and active planting stimulate reed marsh development on a newly constructed archipelago","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:33:07.473933","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Exclosure; Greenhouse gas fluxes; Marker Wadden; <i>Phragmites australis</i>; Restoration; Rewilding","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-10-04","DateCreate":"2021-12-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000730116200009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106474"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":348095,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"106474","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"175","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":56951,"SerRR":"Ecological Engineering. 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