{"refrec":{"BRefID":348437,"RR":"<b>Castagna, A.; Dierssen, H.; Organelli, E.; Bogorad, M.; Mortelmans, J.; Vyverman, W.; Sabbe, K.</b> (2021). Optical detection of harmful algal blooms in the Belgian coastal zone: A cautionary tale of Chlorophyll c<sub>3</sub>. <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 8</i>: 770340. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770340\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770340</a>","BEntID":346131,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 8</i>: 770340. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770340\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770340</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Castagna, A.; Dierssen, H.; Organelli, E.; Bogorad, M.; Mortelmans, J.; Vyverman, W.; Sabbe, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Castagna, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> is a nuisance haptophyte species that forms annual blooms in the southern North Sea and other coastal waters. At high biomass concentration, these are considered harmful algal blooms due to their deleterious impact on the local ecosystems and economy, and are considered an indicator for eutrophication. In the last two decades, methods have been developed for the optical detection and quantification of these blooms, with potential applications for autonomous <i>in situ</i> or remote observations. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that the interpretation of the optical signal and its exclusive association with <i>P. globosa</i> may not be accurate. In the North Sea, blooms of <i>P. globosa</i> are synchronous with those of the diatom <i>Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima</i>, another harmful bloom-forming species with similar pigmentation and optical signature. Here we combine new and published measurements of pigmentation composition and inherent optical properties from pure cultures of several algal and cyanobacterial groups, together with environmental spectroscopy data, to identify the pigments generating the optical signals captured by two established algorithms. We further evaluate the association of those pigments and optical signals with <i>P. globosa</i>. We found that the interpretation of the pigment(s) generating the optical signals were incorrect and that previous methods are not specific to <i>P. globosa</i>, even in the context of the phytoplankton assemblage of the southern North Sea. Additionally, we found that the optical and pigment signatures of <i>Phaeocystis</i> species are part of a broad pigmentation trend across unrelated taxonomic groups related to chlorophyll <i>c</i><sub>3</sub> presence, with important consequences for the interpretation of pigment and optical data. We then develop and evaluate an algorithm to detect this pigmentation pattern with minimal influence of co-occurring species and elaborate general recommendations for the future development of algorithms","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Optical detection of harmful algal blooms in the Belgian coastal zone: A cautionary tale of Chlorophyll c<sub>3</sub>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:32:48.609989","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"HAB, pigment ratios, in vivo pigment absorption, hydrology optics","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-04-19","DateCreate":"2022-01-03","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000744986600001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmars.2021.770340"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":348437,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"770340","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"8","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":233602,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Marine Science. Frontiers Media: Lausanne.  ISSN 2296-7745; e-ISSN 2296-7745","StandardTitleSer":"Frontiers in Marine Science","ISSN":"2296-7745","AbbrevSer":"Front. Mar. Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Castagna","Firstname":"Alexandre","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":"Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":452452,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"PAE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Protistologie en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-6069-1574","PersID":36507,"InsID":732},{"AutName":"Dierssen","Firstname":"Heidi","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":356104,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0003-4276-5530","PersID":36932,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Organelli","Firstname":"Emanuele","Initials":"E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":356777,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bogorad","Firstname":"Margarita","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":"Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":476137,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"PAE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Protistologie en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0002-4036-8868","PersID":40671,"InsID":732},{"AutName":"Mortelmans","Firstname":"Jonas","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Flanders Marine Institute","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":198459,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VLIZ","InsFSN":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","ORCID":"0000-0002-8781-7915","PersID":26622,"InsID":36},{"AutName":"Vyverman","Firstname":"Wim","Initials":"W.","Affiliation":"Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":145265,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"PAE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Protistologie en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0003-0850-2569","PersID":135,"InsID":732},{"AutName":"Sabbe","Firstname":"Koen","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":"Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Gent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":346131,"AutID":133030,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"PAE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Biologie; Laboratorium voor Protistologie en Aquatische Ecologie","ORCID":"0000-0001-5163-5581","PersID":21,"InsID":732}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":370390,"LibID":36,"BRefID":348437,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"370390","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Frontiers Media","City":"Lausanne"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Phaeocystis"},{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"},{"Collection":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","ShortName":"VLIZ ackn"}],"conf":null,"proj":[{"ProID":4866,"Acronym":"HYPERMAQ","ProStandardTitle":"Hyperspectral and multi-mission high resolution optical remote sensing of aquatic environments","BYear":2016,"BMonth":12,"EYear":2020,"EMonth":11,"FP7Code":null,"RelID":null,"Relation":null,"DutchTerm":null}],"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"992":{"SpName":"FRIS (VLIZ) - Flanders Research Information Space","SpColID":992,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"FRIS","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"FRIS"},"923":{"SpName":"Lifewatch acknowledged","SpColID":923,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"Lifewatch ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"Lifewatch ackn"},"896":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Observatory","SpColID":896,"ParSpColID":923,"TopParID":923,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Observatory","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":923,"SpColPath":"Lifewatch ackn/LifeWatch Observatory"},"941":{"SpName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","SpColID":941,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"LifeWatch Species Information Backbone","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"},"1064":{"SpName":"Peer reviewed VLIZ publications","SpColID":1064,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"PR VLIZ pubs","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"PR VLIZ pubs"},"720":{"SpName":"Simon Stevin acknowledged","SpColID":720,"ParSpColID":39,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"Simon Stevin","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/Simon Stevin"},"39":{"SpName":"VLIZ Acknowledged Publications","SpColID":39,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn"},"507":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species","SpColID":507,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WoRMS website","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WoRMS website"},"915":{"SpName":"World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) acknowledged","SpColID":915,"ParSpColID":941,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn"},"947":{"SpName":"WoRMS ackn - direct reference","SpColID":947,"ParSpColID":915,"TopParID":39,"ShortName":"WoRMS ackn - direct","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":39,"SpColPath":"VLIZ ackn/LifeWatch Species Information Backbone/WoRMS ackn/WoRMS ackn - direct"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":346131,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":346131,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770340","externalID":"10.3389/fmars.2021.770340","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":98697,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Phaeocystis","AphiaID":115088,"TaxtID":23381},{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia","AphiaID":149151,"TaxtID":22986}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Phaeocystis","DutchTerm":"Bruine slijmalg","AphiaID":115088,"TaxtID":23381},{"TaxTerm":"Pseudo-nitzschia","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":149151,"TaxtID":22986}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2022-01-03 08:45:27.543000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2022-04-19 08:03:40.717000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}