{"refrec":{"BRefID":349117,"RR":"<b>Kug, J.-S.; Oh, J.-H.; An, S.-I.; Yeh, S.-W.; Min, S.-K.; Son, S.-W.; Kam, J.; Ham, Y.-G.; Shin, J.</b> (2022). Hysteresis of the intertropical convergence zone to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing. <i>Nat. Clim. Chang. 12(1)</i>: 47-53. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01211-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01211-6</a>","BEntID":346812,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nat. Clim. Chang. 12(1)</i>: 47-53. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01211-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01211-6</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kug, J.-S.; Oh, J.-H.; An, S.-I.; Yeh, S.-W.; Min, S.-K.; Son, S.-W.; Kam, J.; Ham, Y.-G.; Shin, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kug, J.-S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"With the unprecedented rate of global warming in recent decades, whether or not anthropogenic climate change is irreversible is an important question. Based on idealized CO<sub>2</sub> ramp-up until 1,468 ppm and symmetric ramp-down model experiments, here we show that the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) does not respond linearly to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing, but exhibits strong hysteresis behaviour. While the location of the ITCZ changes minimally during the ramp-up period, it moves sharply south as soon as CO<sub>2</sub> begins to decrease, and its centre eventually resides in the Southern Hemisphere during the ramp-down period. Such ITCZ hysteresis is associated with delays in global energy exchanges between the tropics and extratropics. The delayed energy exchanges are explained by two distinct hysteresis behaviours of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and slower warming/cooling in the Southern Ocean. We also suggest that the ITCZ hysteresis can lead to hysteresis in regional hydrological cycles.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Hysteresis of the intertropical convergence zone to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:41.150934","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-01-21","DateCreate":"2022-01-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000728449400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1038/s41558-021-01211-6"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":349117,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"47-53","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"12","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":218223,"SerRR":"Nature Climate Change. Nature Publishing Group: London.  ISSN 1758-678X; e-ISSN 1758-6798","StandardTitleSer":"Nature Climate Change","ISSN":"1758-678X","AbbrevSer":"Nat. Clim. Chang.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":47,"Pages":7,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":[{"XBRefID":349104,"RefStrFull":"<b>Moreno-Chamarro, E.</b> (2022). Delayed recovery of the tropical rain belt. <i>Nat. Clim. Chang. 12(1)</i>: 9-10. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01237-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01237-w</a>","RelID":4,"RelationY":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Delayed recovery of the tropical rain 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