{"refrec":{"BRefID":349143,"RR":"<b>Nicholson, S.-A.; Whitt, D.B.; Fer, I.; du Plessis, M.D.; Lebéhot, A.D.; Swart, S.; Sutton, A.J.; Monteiro, P.M.S.</b> (2022). Storms drive outgassing of CO<sub>2</sub> in the subpolar Southern Ocean. <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 158. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w</a>","BEntID":346838,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 158. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nicholson, S.-A.; Whitt, D.B.; Fer, I.; du Plessis, M.D.; Lebéhot, A.D.; Swart, S.; Sutton, A.J.; Monteiro, P.M.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nicholson, S.-A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The subpolar Southern Ocean is a critical region where CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing influences the global mean air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux (F<sub>CO2</sub>). However, the processes controlling the outgassing remain elusive. We show, using a multi-glider dataset combining F<sub>CO2</sub> and ocean turbulence, that the air-sea gradient of CO<sub>2</sub> (∆pCO<sub>2</sub>) is modulated by synoptic storm-driven ocean variability (20 µatm, 1–10 days) through two processes. Ekman transport explains 60% of the variability, and entrainment drives strong episodic CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing events of 2–4 mol m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Extrapolation across the subpolar Southern Ocean using a process model shows how ocean fronts spatially modulate synoptic variability in ∆pCO<sub>2</sub> (6 µatm<sup>2</sup> average) and how spatial variations in stratification influence synoptic entrainment of deeper carbon into the mixed layer (3.5 mol m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> average). These results not only constrain aliased-driven uncertainties in F<sub>CO2</sub> but also the effects of synoptic variability on slower seasonal or longer ocean physics-carbon dynamics.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Storms drive outgassing of CO<sub>2</sub> in the subpolar Southern Ocean","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-28 01:31:41.097909","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-01-21","DateCreate":"2022-01-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001028317500001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":349143,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"158","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"13","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198717,"SerRR":"Nature Communications. 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