{"refrec":{"BRefID":349557,"RR":"<b>Nickford, S.; Palter, J.B.; Donohue, K.; Fassbender, A.J.; Gray, A.R.; Long, J.; Sutton, A.J.; Bates, N.R.; Takeshita, Y.</b> (2022). Autonomous wintertime observations of air-sea exchange in the Gulf Stream reveal a perfect storm for ocean CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. <i>Geophys. Res. Lett. 49(5)</i>: e2021GL096805. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096805\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096805</a>","BEntID":347252,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geophys. Res. Lett. 49(5)</i>: e2021GL096805. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096805\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096805</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nickford, S.; Palter, J.B.; Donohue, K.; Fassbender, A.J.; Gray, A.R.; Long, J.; Sutton, A.J.; Bates, N.R.; Takeshita, Y.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nickford, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A scarcity of wintertime observations of surface ocean carbon dioxide partial pressure (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) in and near the Gulf Stream creates uncertainty in the magnitude of the regional carbon sink and its controlling mechanisms. Recent observations from an Uncrewed Surface Vehicle (USV), outfitted with a payload to measure surface ocean and lower atmosphere <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, revealed sharp gradients in ocean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> across the Gulf Stream. Surface ocean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> was lower by ∼50 µatm relative to the atmosphere in the subtropical mode water (STMW) formation region. This undersaturation combined with strong wintertime winds allowed for rapid ocean uptake of CO<sub>2</sub>, averaging -11.5 mmol m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> during the February 2019 USV mission. The unique timing of this mission revealed active STMW formation. 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