{"refrec":{"BRefID":350201,"RR":"<b>Delgado, I.L.S.; Zúquete, S.; Santos, D.; Basto, A.P.; Leitao, A.; Nolasco, S.</b> (2022). The apicomplexan parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. <i>Encyclopedia 2(1)</i>: 189-211. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010012</a>","BEntID":347896,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Encyclopedia 2(1)</i>: 189-211. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010012\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010012</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Delgado, I.L.S.; Zúquete, S.; Santos, D.; Basto, A.P.; Leitao, A.; Nolasco, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Delgado, I.L.S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<span class=\"html-italic\">Toxoplasma gondii</span> is a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite with an obligatory intracellular lifestyle. It relies on a specialized set of cytoskeletal and secretory organelles for host cell invasion. When infecting its felid definitive host, <span class=\"html-italic\">T. gondii</span> undergoes sexual reproduction in the intestinal epithelium, producing oocysts that are excreted with the feces and sporulate in the environment. In other hosts and/or tissues, <span class=\"html-italic\">T. gondii</span> multiplies by asexual reproduction. Rapidly dividing tachyzoites expand through multiple tissues, particularly nervous and muscular tissues, and eventually convert to slowly dividing bradyzoites which produce tissue cysts, structures that evade the immune system and remain infective within the host. Infection normally occurs through ingestion of sporulated oocysts or tissue cysts. 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