{"refrec":{"BRefID":350459,"RR":"<b>Whalen, C.D.; Landman, N.H.</b> (2022). Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution. <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 1107. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5</a>","BEntID":348155,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 1107. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Whalen, C.D.; Landman, N.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Whalen, C.D.; Landman, N.H.","Englishabstract":"We describe an exceptionally well-preserved vampyropod, <i>Syllipsimopodi bideni</i> gen. et sp. nov., from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Bear Gulch Lagerstätte of Montana, USA. The specimen possesses a gladius and ten robust arms bearing biserial rows of suckers; it is the only known vampyropod to retain the ancestral ten-arm condition. <i>Syllipsimopodi</i> is the oldest definitive vampyropod and crown coleoid, pushing back the fossil record of this group by ~81.9 million years, corroborating molecular clock estimates. Using a Bayesian tip-dated phylogeny of fossil neocoleoid cephalopods, we demonstrate that <i>Syllipsimopodi</i> is the earliest-diverging known vampyropod. This strongly challenges the common hypothesis that vampyropods descended from a Triassic phragmoteuthid belemnoid. As early as the Mississippian, vampyropods were evidently characterized by the loss of the chambered phragmocone and primordial rostrum—traits retained in belemnoids and many extant decabrachians. A pair of arms may have been elongated, which when combined with the long gladius and terminal fins, indicates that the morphology of the earliest vampyropods superficially resembled extant squids.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:41.807238","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-03-17","DateCreate":"2022-03-17","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000766266000002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":350459,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"1107","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"13","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198717,"SerRR":"Nature Communications. 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