{"refrec":{"BRefID":351744,"RR":"<b>Findlay, K.</b> (2020). Challenges facing marine protected areas in Southern African countries in light of expanding ocean economies across the sub-region, <b><i>in</i></b>: Humphreys, J. <i>et al.</i> <i>Marine protected areas: Science, policy and management.</i> pp. 37-65. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00003-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00003-4</a>","BEntID":349450,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Humphreys, J. <i>et al.</i> <i>Marine protected areas: Science, policy and management.</i> pp. 37-65. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00003-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00003-4</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Findlay, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Findlay, K.","Englishabstract":"Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play important roles in biodiversity conservation, the sustainability of ecosystem services, ecosystem resilience in the face of global and ocean scale influences and as both a safeguard against management failure and uncertainty, and as control regions to benchmark human impacts in unprotected areas. Oceans are facing increasing pressure of expanding ocean economies as countries and regions turn to the ocean space to foster economic growth and resource security. Such expansions increase both inter-sectoral conflict (between industries as proponents of accessible ocean space) and conflict between resource use and resource conservation. MPAs are important instruments in terms of balancing such conflicts. This paper reviews the MPAs across the Southern African coasts of Angola, Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique with respect to expanding pressures of ocean economies in these countries and identifies challenges that MPA management faces in the region.","AbstractOtherLang":"Oceans economies;Marine protected areas;","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Challenges facing marine protected areas in Southern African countries in light of expanding ocean economies across the sub-region","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Oceans economies; Marine protected areas","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2020,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-05-05","DateCreate":"2022-05-05","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00003-4"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":351744,"PubliDate":2020,"Pagination":"37-65","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-0-08-102698-4","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":338982,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Humphreys, J.; Clark, R.W.E. 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