{"refrec":{"BRefID":352388,"RR":"<b>Dai, A.</b> (2022). Arctic amplification is the main cause of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation weakening under large CO<sub>2</sub> increases. <i>Clim. Dyn. 58(11-12)</i>: 3243-3259. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06096-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06096-x</a>","BEntID":350095,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Clim. Dyn. 58(11-12)</i>: 3243-3259. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06096-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06096-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Dai, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Dai, A.","Englishabstract":"Models project weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) under increasing CO<sub>2</sub>, often attributed to increased ocean stratification caused by surface warming and freshening in the subpolar North Atlantic and by sea-ice melting. Here I analyze novel coupled model simulations with and without large Arctic amplification (AA)—the enhanced Arctic warming relative to the rest of the world under increasing CO<sub>2</sub>—to show that AA largely explains AMOC’s weakening as CO<sub>2</sub> increases to above 570&nbsp;ppm, due to increased runoff from Greenland and large evaporation decreases caused by reduced ocean-air temperature gradients from the Labrador Sea to the Nordic Seas. Together with a small role from ocean warming, the freshening reduces surface salinity, ocean density and mixed-layer depth, weakening deep water formation and AMOC. AMOC weakens only slightly under increasing CO<sub>2</sub> when AA is small due to less runoff from Greenland and smaller evaporation decreases. The results suggest a dominant role of Arctic and subpolar surface forcing over ocean dynamics in controlling AMOC’s strength and that enhanced Arctic warming, rather than changes at lower latitudes, will largely determine future AMOC’s fate under large CO<sub>2</sub> increases.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Arctic amplification is the main cause of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation weakening under large CO<sub>2</sub> increases","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-11 01:32:35.343493","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-06-08","DateCreate":"2022-06-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000750345400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s00382-021-06096-x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":352388,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"3243-3259","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"58","Issue":"11-12","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45579,"SerRR":"Climate Dynamics. 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