{"refrec":{"BRefID":352732,"RR":"<b>Agterhuis, T.; Ziegler, M.; de Winter, N.J.; Lourens, L.J.</b> (2022). Warm deep-sea temperatures across Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 from clumped isotope thermometry. <i>Commun. Earth Environ. 3</i>: 39. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8</a>","BEntID":350441,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Commun. Earth Environ. 3</i>: 39. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Agterhuis, T.; Ziegler, M.; de Winter, N.J.; Lourens, L.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Agterhuis, T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The early Eocene hothouse experienced highly elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels and multiple transient global warming events, so-called hyperthermals. The deep ocean constitutes an assumed setting to estimate past global mean temperatures. However, available deep-sea temperature reconstructions from conventional benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes and magnesium/calcium ratios rely on uncertain assumptions of non-thermal influences, associated with seawater chemistry and species-specific physiological effects. Here we apply the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer, a proxy not governed by these uncertainties, to evaluate South Atlantic deep-sea temperatures across two hyperthermal events in the early Eocene (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2/H1 and H2; ~54 Myr ago). Our independent reconstructions indicate deep-sea temperatures of 13.5 ± 1.9 °C (95% CI) for the background conditions and average hyperthermal peak temperatures of 16.9 ± 2.3 °C (95% CI). On average, these absolute temperatures are three degrees warmer than estimates from benthic oxygen isotopes. This finding implies a necessary reassessment of (1) the Eocene seawater isotope composition and (2) pH changes in the deep ocean and its potential influence on benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Warm deep-sea temperatures across Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 from clumped isotope thermometry","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:33:16.899974","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-06-21","DateCreate":"2022-06-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000760962300001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":352732,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"39","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"3","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":337093,"SerRR":"Communications Earth & Environment. Springer Nature: London.  ISSN 2662-4435; e-ISSN 2662-4435","StandardTitleSer":"Communications Earth & Environment","ISSN":"2662-4435","AbbrevSer":"Commun. Earth Environ.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":39,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Agterhuis","Firstname":"Tobias","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":350441,"AutID":489595,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Ziegler","Firstname":"Martin","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":350441,"AutID":325378,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"de Winter","Firstname":"Niels","Initials":"N.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":350441,"AutID":438938,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-1453-5407","PersID":35894,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Lourens","Firstname":"Lucas","Initials":"L.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":350441,"AutID":53205,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":378034,"LibID":36,"BRefID":352732,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"378034","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Springer Nature","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":350441,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":350441,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8","externalID":"10.1038/s43247-022-00350-8","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":103514,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2022-06-21 10:37:05.430000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2022-06-21 10:51:21.303000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}