{"refrec":{"BRefID":353134,"RR":"<b>Kolbuk, D.; Dubois, P.; Stolarski, J.; Gorzelak, P.</b> (2021). Impact of seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> on Mg/Ca of asterozoan skeleton - Evidence from culturing and the fossil record. <i>Chem. Geol. 584</i>: 120557. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557</a>","BEntID":350843,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Chem. Geol. 584</i>: 120557. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kolbuk, D.; Dubois, P.; Stolarski, J.; Gorzelak, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kolbuk, D. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Skeletal Mg/Ca in echinoderms is thought to be related to ambient seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio, which prompts the use of well-preserved fossil echinoderms as paleoseawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> proxies. Nonetheless, experimental studies testing the effect of seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio on echinoderm skeleton are limited to one echinoderm class, i.e., sea urchins (echinoids). Here, we investigated the effect of decreased seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio on skeletal composition (Mg/Ca ratio) of a sea star <i>Asterias rubens</i> and a brittle star <i>Ophiocomina nigra</i>. Specimens were tagged with manganese and then cultured under three different Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> molar ratios (~5.2, ~2.5, ~1.5 mol/mol) in order to simulate variations of ambient seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio that existed throughout the Phanerozoic. Decreased Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> in seawater did not affect the respiration rates or inhibit calcification of sea stars, which suggests that they were not significantly stressed by the treatment. It did, however, clearly affect growth and mortality in brittle stars, for which reliable geochemical data could not be obtained. Under decreased seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> sea stars produced a skeleton with decreased Mg/Ca ratio. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the skeletal chemistry in echinoderms is influenced by seawater chemistry and, consequently, that fossil echinoderms may preserve a record of paleoseawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Although our data from well-preserved fossil sea stars from the Middle Jurassic and Miocene are consistent with low Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio of the Jurassic \"calcite sea\" and high Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> ratio of the Miocene \"aragonite sea\", the accuracy of paleoseawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> reconstructions from fossil echinoderms is limited by the fact that Mg partition coefficients vary significantly between different echinoderm species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Impact of seawater Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> on Mg/Ca of asterozoan skeleton - Evidence from culturing and the fossil record","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:33:17.306267","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Echinoderms; Biomineralization; Magnesium; Culturing; Seawater Mg2+/Ca2+","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-06-28","DateCreate":"2022-06-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000708978100008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":353134,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"120557","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"584","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42560,"SerRR":"Chemical Geology. Elsevier: New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0009-2541; e-ISSN 1872-6836","StandardTitleSer":"Chemical Geology","ISSN":"0009-2541","AbbrevSer":"Chem. 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