{"refrec":{"BRefID":353271,"RR":"<b>De Vos, S.; Rombauts, S.; Coussement, L.; Dermauw, W.; Vuylsteke, M.; Sorgeloos, P.; Clegg, J.S.; Nambu, Z.; Van Nieuwerburgh, F.; Norouzitallab, P.; Van Leeuwen, T.; De Meyer, T.; Van Stappen, G.; Van de Peer, Y.; Bossier, P.</b> (2021). The genome of the extremophile <i>Artemia</i> provides insight into strategies to cope with extreme environments. <i>BMC Genom. 22(1)</i>: 635. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z</a>","BEntID":350980,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>BMC Genom. 22(1)</i>: 635. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Vos, S.; Rombauts, S.; Coussement, L.; Dermauw, W.; Vuylsteke, M.; Sorgeloos, P.; Clegg, J.S.; Nambu, Z.; Van Nieuwerburgh, F.; Norouzitallab, P.; Van Leeuwen, T.; De Meyer, T.; Van Stappen, G.; Van de Peer, Y.; Bossier, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Vos, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> have an unequalled ability to endure extreme salinity and complete anoxia. This study aims to elucidate its strategies to cope with these stressors.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Here, we present the genome of an inbred <i>A. franciscana</i> Kellogg, 1906. We identified 21,828 genes of which, under high salinity, 674 genes and under anoxia, 900 genes were differentially expressed (42%, respectively 30% were annotated). Under high salinity, relevant stress genes and pathways included several <i>Heat Shock Protein</i> and <i>Leaf Embryogenesis Abundant</i> genes, as well as the trehalose metabolism. In addition, based on differential gene expression analysis, it can be hypothesized that a high oxidative stress response and endocytosis/exocytosis are potential salt management strategies, in addition to the expression of <i>major facilitator superfamily</i> genes responsible for transmembrane ion transport. Under anoxia, genes involved in mitochondrial function, <i>mTOR</i> signalling and autophagy were differentially expressed. Both high salt and anoxia enhanced degradation of erroneous proteins and protein chaperoning. Compared with other branchiopod genomes, <i>Artemia</i> had 0.03% contracted and 6% expanded orthogroups, in which 14% of the genes were differentially expressed under high salinity or anoxia. One phospholipase D gene family, shown to be important in plant stress response, was uniquely present in both extremophiles <i>Artemia</i> and the tardigrade <i>Hypsibius dujardini</i>, yet not differentially expressed under the described experimental conditions.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>A relatively complete genome of <i>Artemia</i> was assembled, annotated and analysed, facilitating research on its extremophile features, and providing a reference sequence for crustacean research.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The genome of the extremophile <i>Artemia</i> provides insight into strategies to cope with extreme environments","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:33:17.446902","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Arthropod; Genome; Transcriptome; Assembly; Annotation; Extremophile; Salinity; Anoxia; Artemia; Brine shrimp","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2021,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-08-18","DateCreate":"2022-07-01","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000692476900001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":353271,"PubliDate":2021,"Pagination":"635","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"22","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198247,"SerRR":"BMC Genomics. 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