{"refrec":{"BRefID":353546,"RR":"<b>Armstrong, E.J.; Watson, S.A.; Stillman, J.H.; Calosi, P.</b> (2022). Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide levels alter growth rates and shell composition in the fluted giant clam, <i>Tridacna squamosa</i>. <i>NPG Scientific Reports 12(1)</i>: 11034. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14503-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14503-4</a>","BEntID":351256,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>NPG Scientific Reports 12(1)</i>: 11034. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14503-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14503-4</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Armstrong, E.J.; Watson, S.A.; Stillman, J.H.; Calosi, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Armstrong, E.J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Giant clams produce massive calcified shells with important biological (e.g., defensive) and ecological (e.g., habitat-forming) properties. Whereas elevated seawater temperature is known to alter giant clam shell structure, no study has examined the effects of a simultaneous increase in seawater temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) on shell mineralogical composition in these species. We investigated the effects of 60-days exposure to end-of-the-century projections for seawater temperature (+ 3&nbsp;°C) and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (+ 500 µatm) on growth, mineralogy, and organic content of shells and scutes in juvenile <i>Tridacna squamosa</i> giant&nbsp;clams. Elevated temperature had no effect on growth rates or organic content, but did increase shell [<sup>24</sup>Mg]/[<sup>40</sup>Ca] as well as [<sup>40</sup>Ca] in newly-formed scutes. Elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increased shell growth and whole animal mass gain. In addition, we report the first evidence of an effect of elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on element/Ca ratios in giant clam shells, with significantly increased [<sup>137</sup>Ba]/[<sup>40</sup>Ca] in newly-formed shells. Simultaneous exposure to both drivers greatly increased inter-individual variation in mineral concentrations and resulted in reduced shell N-content which may signal the onset of physiological stress. Overall, our results indicate a greater influence of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on shell mineralogy in giant clams than previously recognized.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide levels alter growth rates and shell composition in the fluted giant clam, <i>Tridacna squamosa</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-24 01:33:13.724289","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-07-07","DateCreate":"2022-07-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001014944000037","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-022-14503-4"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":353546,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"11034","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"12","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":208093,"SerRR":"Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). 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