{"refrec":{"BRefID":353566,"RR":"<b>Schepper, R.; Almar, R.; Bergsma, E.; de Vries, S.; Reniers, A.; Davidson, M.; Splinter, K.</b> (2021). Modelling cross-shore shoreline change on multiple timescales and their interactions. <i>J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9(6)</i>: 582. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060582\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060582</a>","BEntID":351276,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9(6)</i>: 582. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060582\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060582</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schepper, R.; Almar, R.; Bergsma, E.; de Vries, S.; Reniers, A.; Davidson, M.; Splinter, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schepper, R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"In this paper, a new approach to model wave-driven, cross-shore shoreline change incorporating multiple timescales is introduced. As a base, we use the equilibrium shoreline prediction model ShoreFor that accounts for a single timescale only. High-resolution shoreline data collected at three distinctly different study sites is used to train the new data-driven model. In addition to the direct forcing approach used in most models, here two additional terms are introduced: a time-upscaling and a time-downscaling term. The upscaling term accounts for the persistent effect of short-term events, such as storms, on the shoreline position. The downscaling term accounts for the effect of long-term shoreline modulations, caused by, for example, climate variability, on shorter event impacts. The multi-timescale model shows improvement compared to the original ShoreFor model (a normalized mean square error improvement during validation of 18 to 59%) at the three contrasted sandy beaches. Moreover, it gains insight in the various timescales (storms to inter-annual) and reveals their interactions that cause shoreline change. We find that extreme forcing events have a persistent shoreline impact and cause 57–73% of the shoreline variability at the three sites. 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