{"refrec":{"BRefID":35400,"RR":"<b>Breitholtz, M.; Wollenberger, L.</b> (2003). Effects of three PBDEs on development, reproduction and population growth rate of the harpacticoid copepod <i>Nitocra spinipes</i>. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 64(1)</i>: 85-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00025-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00025-0</a>","BEntID":35400,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 64(1)</i>: 85-96. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00025-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00025-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Breitholtz, M.; Wollenberger, L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Breitholtz, M.; Wollenberger, L.","Englishabstract":"The current knowledge concerning effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on aquatic organisms is very limited. A full life-cycle (<26 days exposure) ecotoxicity test with the particle-feeding copepod <i>Nitocra spinipes</i> was therefore used to study effects of BDE-47, -99 and -100 on larval development rate (LDR) and population growth rate (r<sub>m</sub>). LDR significantly decreased in copepods exposed for 6 days to nominal concentrations >0.013 mg/l BDE-47 and >0.03 mg/l BDE-99. Large concentration ratios (<338) between adult acute and juvenile subchronic endpoints were observed. Exposure over the full life cycle (<26 days) showed that r<sub>m</sub> in general was a less sensitive endpoint than LDR. Still, the r<sub>m</sub> in copepods exposed to 0.04 mg/l BDE-47 was significantly reduced compared to the controls (***P <0.001). Partitioning experiments with <sup>14</sup>C-BDE-47 and <sup>14</sup>C-BDE-99 in the test system showed that the major fractions (~50-80%) were associated to particulate material. Our findings indicate that development and reproduction in <i>N. spinipes</i> are sensitive to the tested PBDEs and that ingestion of particle-adsorbed PBDEs most likely is the predominant route of exposure in <i>N. spinipes</i>. 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