{"refrec":{"BRefID":354178,"RR":"<b>Bennett, E.W.</b> (1964). The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustaceae Brachyura. <i>NIWA Biodiversity Memoir</i>, 22. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute: [s.l.]. 7-120 pp.","BEntID":351891,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir</i>, 22. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute: [s.l.].  7-120 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bennett, E.W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bennett, E.W.","Englishabstract":"This is the first comprehensive account of the New Zealand crab fauna, following the preliminary review by Chilton and Bennett published in 1929. The material used consists of specimens available to the author, at the time of study, in New Zealand museums. Four new species, belonging to the genera <i>Lyreidus</i>, <i>Leptomithrax</i>, and <i>Pilumnus</i>, and two new subgenera of <i>Leplomilhrax</i>, have been proposed. The many dubious records of species of non-neozelanic origin in the fauna have been critically examined. Based on the state of collections made by previous workers details are given of improved methods of collection and preservation. The Systematic section gives full descriptions and figures of all the recognised species of New Zealand crabs. Although based on a study concluded in 1936, this section has been annotated in such a way as to give a modern detailed account of the New Zealand Brachyura. A full check list is also given. The geographical distribution of the crabs and its implications is dealt with. The brachyurous fauna of the southern islands of New Zealand indicates that the Auckland and Campbell Islands arc not subantarctic but strictly neozelanic. Ten species which might suggest antarctic connections arc equally represented on the mainland. On the mainland a few species are exclusively southern while others are chiefly northern. The boundaries formed by the distribution patterns include the three districts ( l) Southern Islands, (2) Southern Mainland, with Stewart Island and the Chathams as outlying extensions, and (3) Northern Mainland, northwards from Kaikoura and Westport and not including the Kermadecs. In explanation of external zoogeographical relationships, the agency of currents, floating kelp and wood, and ships, as well as of paleogeographical links, is discussed, with three examples of accidental acclimatisation. The agency of whales is also suggested. After purging the list of many erroneous records a strong Australian clement is stilt found, but several groups conspicuous in Australia are absent and the relationship is qualified with respect to the Majidae. The relationships, though theoretically explicable in part in terms of trans-oceanic dispersal, are in the main better accounted for in terms of a common Papuan relationship, as indicated also by other groups of animals. The Majidae arc of southern origin, the two southern districts being a focus for the more primitive members (<i>Paramithrax</i>, <i>Leptomithrax</i> s. str.), the higher members spreading freely to Australia and eastern Asia. The modern Brachyura arose after the severance of any former geographic connection with South America, hence the four species common to the two areas must be otherwise accounted for; but five genera with no species in common suggest a more ancient and perhaps a fairly direct link. 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