{"refrec":{"BRefID":35429,"RR":"<b>Zhao, X.; Ona, E.</b> (2003). Estimation and compensation models for the shadowing effect in dense fish aggregations. <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 60</i>: 155-163","BEntID":35429,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>ICES J. Mar. Sci./J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 60</i>: 155-163","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Zhao, X.; Ona, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Zhao, X.; Ona, E.","Englishabstract":"This paper addresses the problem of acoustic ‘‘shadowing’’ (i.e. first-order scattering) using an heuristic approach. It is shown that the relationship between the shadow coefficient - the proportional reduction of the acoustic energy due to the shadowing effect of fish (Zhao et al., 1993) - and the apparent area backscattering coefficient of the fish is practically linear, and that the linear relationship will hold true even with inhomogeneous fish distributions. Based on this finding a simple linear model for the estimation of the σ<sub>e</sub>/ σ (extinction cross-section/acoustic cross-section) ratio is developed. The model applies the reference target method of Foote et al. (1992), which allows the shadow coefficient to be determined. A model is also developed for compensation of the shadowing effect. This model can also be used to deduce the maximum-detectable fish density when the σ<sub>e</sub>/ σ ratio is known; and the maximum-detected apparent fish density may, in turn, suggest an upper limit of the σ<sub>e</sub>/ σ ratio under the specific survey condition. A correction table is provided to serve as an approximate reference and a registration from a typical herring survey is shown as an example.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Estimation and compensation models for the shadowing effect in dense fish aggregations","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2003,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2003-06-06","DateCreate":"2003-06-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000180522800015","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":35429,"PubliDate":2003,"Pagination":"155-163","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"60","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44710,"SerRR":"ICES Journal of Marine Science. 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