{"refrec":{"BRefID":354719,"RR":"<b>Rodriguez, A.K.; Krug, P.J.</b> (2022). Ecological speciation by sympatric host shifts in a clade of herbivorous sea slugs, with introgression and localized mitochondrial capture between species. <i>Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 174</i>: 107523. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523</a>","BEntID":352432,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 174</i>: 107523. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rodriguez, A.K.; Krug, P.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rodriguez, A.K.; Krug, P.J.","Englishabstract":"Host shifting in insect-plant systems was historically important to the development of ecological speciation theory, yet surprisingly few studies have examined whether host shifting drives diversification of marine herbivores. When small-bodied consumers feed and also mate on a preferred host, disruptive selection can split a population into host races despite gene flow. Support for host shifts is notably lacking for invertebrates associated with macroalgae, where the scale of dispersal by planktonic larvae often far exceeds the grain of host patchiness, and adults are typically less specialized than terrestrial herbivores. Here, we present a candidate example of ecological speciation in a clade of sea slugs that primarily consume green algae in the genus <em>Caulerpa</em>, including highly invasive species. Ancestral character state reconstructions supported ‘sea grapes’ (<em>C. racemosa</em>, <em>C. lentillifera</em>) as the ancestral host for a tropical radiation of 12 <em>Elysia</em> spp., with one shift onto alternative <em>Caulerpa</em> spp. in the Indo-Pacific. A Caribbean radiation of three species included symaptric host shifts to <em>Rhipocephalus brevicaulis</em> in the ancestor of <em>E. pratensis</em> Ortea & Espinosa, 1996, and to <em>C. prolifera</em> in <em>E. hamanni</em> Krug, Vendetti & Valdes 2016, plus a niche expansion to a range of <em>Caulerpa</em> spp. in <em>E. subornata</em> Verrill, 1901. All three species are broadly sympatric across the Caribbean but are host-partitioned at a fine grain, and distinct by morphology and at nuclear loci. However, non-recombining mtDNA revealed a history of gene flow between <em>E. pratensis</em> and <em>E. subornata</em>: COI haplotypes from <em>E. subornata</em> were 10.4% divergent from <em>E. pratensis</em> haplotypes from four sites, but closely related to all <em>E. pratensis</em> haplotypes sampled from six Bahamian islands, indicating historical introgression and localized “mitochondrial capture.” Disruptive selective likely fueled divergence and adaptation to distinct host environments, indicating ecological speciation may be an under-appreciated driver of diversification for marine herbivores as well as epibionts and other resource specialists.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Ecological speciation by sympatric host shifts in a clade of herbivorous sea slugs, with introgression and localized mitochondrial capture between species","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-26 01:31:51.086442","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Barcoding, Disruptive selection, Host use, Elysia, Sacoglossa, Sympatric, speciation","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-08-09","DateCreate":"2022-08-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000818776700004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":354719,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"107523","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"174","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":45071,"SerRR":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Elsevier: Orlando, FL.  ISSN 1055-7903; e-ISSN 1095-9513","StandardTitleSer":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","ISSN":"1055-7903","AbbrevSer":"Mol. Phylogenet. 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