Document of bibliographic reference 354796

BibliographicReference record

Type

Bibliographic resource

Type of document

Journal article

BibLvlCode

AS

Title

Occurrence, effects and environmental risk of antifouling biocides (EU PT21): are marine ecosystems threatened?

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive compilation of toxicological and environmental data, further used to assess the ecological risk (ERA) of the 11 EU approved antifouling biocides (PT21). Diuron, chlorothalonil, DCOIT, and pyrithiones are amongst the most toxic biocides toward producer species, while, CuSCN, medetomidine, and zineb showed higher toxicity toward consumers. In addition, medetomidine, CuSNC, zineb, Cu₂O, and chlorothalonil are up to 400-fold more toxic to non-target organisms than target organisms highlighting their potential threat for marine ecosystems. Biocides hazard, which was assessed based on the marine PNEC_{probabilistic} for biocides having enough and reliable ecotoxicological data, can be summarized in the following order: ZnPT (more hazardous) > CuPT > DCOIT > diuron > chlorothalonil > dichlofluanid > tolylfluanid. For the remaining biocides, the marine hazard was calculated based on the PNEC_{deterministic} as follows: CuSCN (more hazardous) > Cu₂O > medetomidine > zineb. The risk assessment indicates that the following biocides poses risk (quotient >1) for the coastal ecosystems: DCOIT, diuron, dichlofluanid, chlorothalonil, CuSCN, Cu₂O, medetomidine and zineb. In order to protect the services and functions of coastal environments, a systematic and continuous monitoring of these biocides in coastal areas are highly recommended. Current regulatory framework and the replacement of state-of-the-art biocides by safer alternative is also critically discussed.

WebOfScience code

https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000641829600001

Bibliographic citation

de Campos, B.G.; Figueiredo, J.; Perina, F.; Abessa, D.M.d.S.; Loureiro, S.; Martins, R. (2022). Occurrence, effects and environmental risk of antifouling biocides (EU PT21): are marine ecosystems threatened? Crit. rev. environ. sci. technol. 52(18): 3179-3210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2021.1910003

Topic

Marine

Is peer reviewed

true