{"refrec":{"BRefID":355149,"RR":"<b>Burger, F.A.; Terhaar, J.; Frölicher, T.L.</b> (2022). Compound marine heatwaves and ocean acidity extremes. <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 4722. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32120-7\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32120-7</a>","BEntID":352862,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Comm. 13(1)</i>: 4722. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32120-7\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32120-7</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Burger, F.A.; Terhaar, J.; Frölicher, T.L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Burger, F.A.; Terhaar, J.; Frölicher, T.L.","Englishabstract":"Compound MHW-OAX events, during which marine heatwaves (MHWs) co-occur with ocean acidity extreme (OAX) events, can have larger impacts on marine ecosystems than the individual extremes. Using monthly open-ocean observations over the period 1982–2019, we show that globally 1.8 in 100 months (or about&nbsp;one out of five present-day MHW months) are compound MHW-OAX event months under a present-day baseline, almost twice as many as expected for 90th percentile extreme event exceedances if MHWs and OAX events were statistically independent. Compound MHW-OAX events are most likely in the subtropics (2.7 in 100 months; 10°−40° latitude) and less likely in the equatorial Pacific and the mid-to-high latitudes (0.7 in 100 months; &gt;40° latitude). The likelihood pattern results from opposing effects of temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon on [H<sup>+</sup>]. The likelihood is higher where the positive effect on [H<sup>+</sup>] from increased temperatures during MHWs outweighs the negative effect on [H<sup>+</sup>] from co-occurring decreases in dissolved inorganic carbon. Daily model output from a large-ensemble simulation of an Earth system model is analyzed to assess changes in the MHW-OAX likelihood under climate change. The projected long-term mean warming and acidification trends have the largest effect on the number of MHW-OAX days per year, increasing it from 12 to 265 days per year at 2 °C global warming relative to a fixed pre-industrial baseline. Even when long-term trends are removed, an increase in [H<sup>+</sup>] variability leads to a 60% increase in the number of MHW-OAX days under 2 °C global warming. These projected increases may cause severe impacts on marine ecosystems.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Compound marine heatwaves and ocean acidity extremes","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-09 01:32:25.974224","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-08-26","DateCreate":"2022-08-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000841396400007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-022-32120-7"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":355149,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"4722","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"13","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":198717,"SerRR":"Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group: London.  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