{"refrec":{"BRefID":355498,"RR":"<b>Velimirovic, M.; Teunkens, B.; Ghorbanfekr, H.; Buelens, B.; Hermans, T.; Van Damme, S.; Tirez, K.; Vanhaecke, F.</b> (2022). What can we learn from studying plastic debris in the Sea Scheldt estuary? <i>Sci. Total Environ. 851(Part 1)</i>: 158226. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226</a>","BEntID":353211,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":" <i>Sci. Total Environ. 851(Part 1)</i>: 158226. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Velimirovic, M.; Teunkens, B.; Ghorbanfekr, H.; Buelens, B.; Hermans, T.; Van Damme, S.; Tirez, K.; Vanhaecke, F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Velimirovic, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The Sea Scheldt estuary has been suggested to be a significant pathway for transfer of plastic debris to the North Sea. We have studied 12,801 plastic items that were collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (Belgium) during 3 sampling campaigns (in spring, summer, and autumn) using a technique called anchor netting. The investigation results indicated that the abundance of plastic debris in the Scheldt River was on average 1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> items per m<sup>3</sup> with an average weight of 0.38 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g per m<sup>3</sup>. Foils were the most abundant form, accounting for >88 % of the samples, followed by fragments for 11 % of the samples and filaments, making up for <1 % of the plastic debris. FTIR spectroscopy of 7 % of the total number of plastic debris items collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (n = 883) revealed that polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) originating from disposable packaging materials were the most abundant types of polymers. A limited number of plastic debris items (n = 100) were selected for non-destructive screening of their mineral element composition using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF). The corresponding results revealed that S, Ca, Si, P, Al, and Fe were the predominant mineral elements. These elements originate from flame retardants, mineral fillers, and commonly used catalysts for plastic production. Finally, machine learning algorithms were deployed to test a new concept for forensic identification of the different plastic entities based on the most important elements present using a limited subset of PP (n = 36) and PE (n = 35) plastic entities.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"What can we learn from studying plastic debris in the Sea Scheldt estuary?","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-20 01:32:52.766533","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Plastic pollution; Mesoplastics; Macroplastics; Polymer type; Sea Scheldt estuary; Multi-element fingerprint","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-09-16","DateCreate":"2022-09-16","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000874763100009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":355498,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"158226","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"851","Issue":"Part 1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43780,"SerRR":"Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam.  ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026","StandardTitleSer":"Science of the Total Environment","ISSN":"0048-9697","AbbrevSer":"Sci. Total Environ.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Velimirovic","Firstname":"Milica","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":"Atomic & Mass Spectrometry – A&MS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":439374,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"A&MS","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Chemie; Afdeling Atoom- en Massaspectrometrische Analysemethoden","ORCID":"0000-0002-3233-8837","PersID":39703,"InsID":384},{"AutName":"Teunkens","Firstname":"Bert","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":"Ecosystem Management Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":486952,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"ECOBE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Antwerpen; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Departement Biologie; Onderzoeksgroep Ecosysteembeheer","ORCID":null,"PersID":36447,"InsID":39},{"AutName":"Ghorbanfekr","Firstname":"Hossein","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":486953,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VITO","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie; Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":138},{"AutName":"Buelens","Firstname":"Bart","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":486954,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VITO","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie; Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek","ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":138},{"AutName":"Hermans","Firstname":"Tom","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":"Faculty of Technology, UC Leuven","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":503175,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Van Damme","Firstname":"Stefan","Initials":"S.","Affiliation":"Ecosystem Management Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":145705,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"ECOBE","InsFSN":"Universiteit Antwerpen; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Departement Biologie; Onderzoeksgroep Ecosysteembeheer","ORCID":null,"PersID":2057,"InsID":39},{"AutName":"Tirez","Firstname":"Kristof","Initials":"K.","Affiliation":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":439375,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VITO","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie; Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek","ORCID":"0000-0002-3429-0275","PersID":39872,"InsID":138},{"AutName":"Vanhaecke","Firstname":"Frank","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":"Atomic & Mass Spectrometry – A&MS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353211,"AutID":439376,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"A&MS","InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Wetenschappen; Vakgroep Chemie; Afdeling Atoom- en Massaspectrometrische Analysemethoden","ORCID":"0000-0002-1884-3853","PersID":31376,"InsID":384}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":381454,"LibID":36,"BRefID":355498,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"381454","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier","City":"Amsterdam"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Zeeschelde"}],"collections":[{"Collection":"ScheldeMonitor","ShortName":"scheldemonitor"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"867":{"SpName":"IMIS themes","SpColID":867,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"IMIS themes","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes"},"639":{"SpName":"Physics and chemistry","SpColID":639,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Fysicochemie","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Fysicochemie"},"656":{"SpName":"Physics and chemistry: Pollution","SpColID":656,"ParSpColID":639,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Fysicochemie: Verontreiniging","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Fysicochemie/Fysicochemie: Verontreiniging"},"27":{"SpName":"ScheldeMonitor","SpColID":27,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"scheldemonitor","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"scheldemonitor"},"981":{"SpName":"VLIZ-cited publication","SpColID":981,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"VLIZ-cited pub","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"VLIZ-cited pub"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":353211,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":353211,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226","externalID":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":105934,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Zeeschelde","GeoObjectID":2546,"GeotID":6296}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Zeeschelde","DutchTerm":"Zeeschelde"}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2022-09-16 08:52:14.540000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2022-09-16 08:52:14.540000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}