{"refrec":{"BRefID":355557,"RR":"<b>Landschützer, P.; Keppler, L.; Ilyina, T.</b> (2022). Ocean systems, <b><i>in</i></b>: Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i> <i>Balancing greenhouse gas dudgets.</i> pp. 427-452. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6</a>","BEntID":353270,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i> <i>Balancing greenhouse gas budgets.</i> pp. 427-452. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Landschützer, P.; Keppler, L.; Ilyina, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Landschützer, P.; Keppler, L.; Ilyina, T.","Englishabstract":"The ocean comprises ~ 71% of the Earth’s surface area and is in constant interaction with the atmosphere above and the land surface at the coastal interface, allowing a continuous exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) between the spheres. The ocean plays an important role in absorbing and storing carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) from fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, and cement production. Since the industrial revolution, the ocean has stored ~ 31% of human emitted CO<SUB>2</SUB> adding to a total storage of anthropogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB> of 152 ± 20 Pg C (PgC = Petagrams of carbon) from 1850 to 2007 and is currently removing about 2.6 ± 0.6 Pg C of excess CO<SUB>2</SUB> every year from the atmosphere. On longer timescales (i.e., centuries to millennia), the ocean carbon sink acts as a primary regulator of the Earth’s climate. While the ocean carbon sink mitigates climate change, absorption of anthropogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB> leads to ocean acidification with potentially harmful effects for marine ecosystems. The ocean also contributes to the cycles of other greenhouse gases. Specifically, it is a weak source of methane. The contribution of the ocean to the net global methane budget, however, is substantially smaller than the oceanic uptake of CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The ocean was a net source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere of ~ 13 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> year<sup>− 1</sup> (Tg CH<sub>4</sub> = Teragrams of CH<sub>4</sub>) with a possible range of 9–22 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> year<sup>− 1</sup> over the period 2000–20. Hence, the methane fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere are an order of magnitude smaller than the anthropogenic emissions over the same period. Likewise, the ocean comprises a natural source of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) of ~ 3.4 Tg N year<sup>− 1</sup> between 2007 and 2016, although with a substantial possible range between 2.5 and 4.3 Tg N year<sup>− 1</sup>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Ocean systems","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Anthropogenic carbon; Carbon sink; CO2; GHG; Ocean; Variability","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-09-19","DateCreate":"2022-09-19","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":355557,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"427-452","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"978-0-12-814952-2","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":355556,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i></b> (2022). Balancing greenhouse gas budgets. Elsevier: [s.l.]. ISBN 978-0-12-814952-2. 530 pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-02343-1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-02343-1</a>","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Balancing greenhouse gas budgets","StartPage":427,"Pages":26,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i>"},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Landschützer","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353270,"AutID":197929,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-7398-3293","PersID":41702,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Keppler","Firstname":"Lydia","Initials":"L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353270,"AutID":376772,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Ilyina","Firstname":"Tatiana","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353270,"AutID":90353,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":381487,"LibID":36,"BRefID":355557,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"381487","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier","Place":null}],"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":[{"AutName":"Poulter","Initials":"B.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353269,"AutID":256063,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i>"},{"AutName":"Canadell","Initials":"J.G.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353269,"AutID":80073,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i>"},{"AutName":"Hayes","Initials":"D.J.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353269,"AutID":503472,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i>"},{"AutName":"Thompson","Initials":"R.L.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":353269,"AutID":503473,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":1,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Poulter, B. <i>et al.</i>"}],"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":353270,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":353270,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6","externalID":"10.1016/b978-0-12-814952-2.00004-6","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":105967,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","newSesDate":{"date":"2022-09-19 08:14:30.693000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2022-09-19 08:14:30.693000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}