{"refrec":{"BRefID":355619,"RR":"<b>Gruber, N.; Landschützer, P.; Lovenduski, N.S.</b> (2019). The variable Southern Ocean carbon sink, <b><i>in</i></b>: Carlson, C.A. <i>et al.</i> <i>Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 11. Annual Review of Marine Science,</i> 11: pp. 159-186. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407</a>","BEntID":353332,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Carlson, C.A. <i>et al.</i> <i>Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 11. Annual Review of Marine Science,</i> 11: pp. 159-186. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407</a>","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Gruber, N.; Landschützer, P.; Lovenduski, N.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Gruber, N.; Landschützer, P.; Lovenduski, N.S.","Englishabstract":"The CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by the Southern Ocean (<35°S) varies substantially on all timescales and is a major determinant of the variations of the global ocean carbon sink. Particularly strong are the decadal changes characterized by a weakening period of the Southern Ocean carbon sink in the 1990s and a rebound after 2000. The weakening in the 1990s resulted primarily from a southward shift of the westerlies that enhanced the upwelling and outgassing of respired (i.e., natural) CO<sub>2</sub>. The concurrent reduction in the storage rate of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> in the mode and intermediate waters south of 35°S suggests that this shift also decreased the uptake of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>. The rebound and the subsequent strong, decade-long reinvigoration of the carbon sink appear to have been driven by cooling in the Pacific Ocean, enhanced stratification in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors, and a reduced overturning. Current-generation ocean models generally do not reproduce these variations and are poorly skilled at making decadal predictions in this region.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AMS","StandardTitle":"The variable Southern Ocean carbon sink","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Southern Ocean, ocean carbon sink, decadal variability, anthropogenic carbon, natural carbon","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-09-27","DateCreate":"2022-09-22","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000456386600008","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":355619,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"159-186","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"11","Issue":null,"BRefMon":350601,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Carlson, C.A.; Giovannoni, S.J. 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