{"refrec":{"BRefID":355695,"RR":"<b>Maddison, D.R.; Maruyama, M.</b> (2019). Phylogenetic relationships and convergent evolution of ocean-shore ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: <i>Bembidion</i> and relatives). <i>Syst. Entomol. 44(1)</i>: 39-60. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12307\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12307</a>","BEntID":353408,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Syst. Entomol. 44(1)</i>: 39-60. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12307\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12307</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Maddison, D.R.; Maruyama, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Maddison, D.R.; Maruyama, M.","Englishabstract":"Through phylogenetic analysis of seven genes, we show that there have been at least six independent entries into intertidal habitats in the history of bembidiine carabids, in the ancestors of: (i) <i>Orzolina</i> Machado, (ii) <i>Bembidion</i> (<i>Desarmatocillenus</i> Netolitzky), (iii) <i>Bembidion laticeps</i> (LeConte) <i>+ palosverdes</i> Kavanaugh & Erwin, (iv) <i>Bembidion laterale</i> (Samouelle), (v) <i>Bembidion umi</i> Sasakawa and <i>Bembidion quadriimpressum</i> (Motschulsky) (which may represent two separate entries), and (vi) <i>B. nigropiceum</i> (Marsham). The following lineages are widely separated within the subtribe Bembidiina: <i>Orzolina</i> is sister to the genus <i>Ocys</i> Stephens; subgenus <i>Desarmatocillenus</i> appears to be sister to all <i>Bembidion</i> Latreille excluding subgenus <i>Phyla</i> Motschulsky; <i>B. laticeps</i> <i>+</i> <i>B. palosverdes</i> is a clade in the <i>Bembidion</i> series; <i>B. laterale</i> is a member of the <i>Princidium</i> Motschulsky complex; <i>B. umi</i> and <i>B. quadriimpressum</i> are related to the Nearctic Clade of the <i>Ocydromus</i> Clairville complex; <i>B. nigropiceum</i> is sister to <i>B. praeustum</i> Dejean among sampled species. There are three separate lineages of ocean-shore bembidiines that are known to prey on amphipods, and adults of these lineages [<i>Bembidion</i> (<i>Desarmatocillenus</i>), <i>B. laterale</i>, and <i>B. mandibulare</i> Solier] have unusually wide heads with long mandibles. Also common among independent lineages restricted to ocean shores are prominent front angles of the prothorax, larger numbers of setae on the elytral disc, a notable sinuation in the margin of each elytron near its apex, and short, wide mesotarsi. The reasons for the repeated evolution of these features are not evident. Our results also suggest that inland species of the Nearctic Clade may have arisen from an ocean-shore ancestor. The close genetic similarities between the gravel river shore dwelling <i>B. praeustum</i> and the intertidal specialist <i>B. nigropiceum</i> suggest that the striking morphological adaptations of <i>B. nigropiceum</i> to the intertidal zone arose rapidly. We make one nomenclatural change: we resurrect the subgenus <i>Lymneops</i> Casey to accommodate <i>B. palosverdes</i> and <i>B. laticeps</i>.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Phylogenetic relationships and convergent evolution of ocean-shore ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: <i>Bembidion</i> and relatives)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:46.010724","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-09-30","DateCreate":"2022-09-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000454835700003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/syen.12307"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":355695,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"39-60","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"44","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43947,"SerRR":"Systematic entomology. 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