{"refrec":{"BRefID":35691,"RR":"<b>Ray, S.; Klenell, M.; Choo, K.-S.; Pedersén, M.; Snoeijs, P.</b> (2003). Carbon acquisition mechanisms in <i>Chara tomentosa</i>. <i>Aquat. Bot. 76(2)</i>: 141-154. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(03)00035-4\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(03)00035-4</a>","BEntID":35691,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 76(2)</i>: 141-154. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(03)00035-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(03)00035-4</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ray, S.; Klenell, M.; Choo, K.-S.; Pedersén, M.; Snoeijs, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ray, S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Carbon uptake mechanisms of the stonewort <i>Chara tomentosa</i> from the brackish Baltic Sea were studied by recording changes in pH, alkalinity and inorganic carbon concentrations of the seawater medium during photosynthesis in a closed system. The use of inhibitors identified three mechanisms: (1) a vanadate-sensitive P-type H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (proton pump) was involved in carbon uptake. This was previously shown for perfused cells of <i>Chara corallina</i>, but not for living cells. (2) Periplasmic carbonic anhydrase that catalyses the dehydration of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> into CO<sub>2</sub> outside the cell membrane was highly active during carbon uptake, also at high pH (>9). (3) At high pH, there was direct uptake of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> with the help of an anion exchange protein, which previously has not been shown in <i>Chara</i>. We also document here the occurrence of charasomes in the cell membrane of <i>C. tomentosa</i>, always with mitochondria located in their direct vicinity. The simultaneous high periplasmic carbonic anhydrase and proton pump activities and the occurrence of charasomes suggest proton-pump driven H<sup>+</sup> extrusion and membrane transport of CO<sub>2</sub> derived from HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> as the major form of DIC acquisition in this alga. Probably, this occurs in acidic bands in <i>C. tomentosa</i> in which we found a banding pattern of CaCO<sub>3</sub> incrustations (alkaline bands). The results were compared with a similar study on the green alga <i>Cladophora glomerata</i> from the same area, which had very low carbonic anhydrase activity (almost negligible), no structures isolating the periplasm from the bulk seawater medium analogous to charasomes and no CaCO<sub>3</sub> incrustation.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Carbon acquisition mechanisms in <i>Chara tomentosa</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Chara tomentosa; characean; proton pump; carbonic anhydrase; anionexchanger; charasomes; photosynthesis; pH; alkalinity; carbon uptakemechanisms","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2003,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-05-17","DateCreate":"2003-06-18","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000183585700005","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/s0304-3770(03)00035-4"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":35691,"PubliDate":2003,"Pagination":"141-154","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"76","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42195,"SerRR":"Aquatic Botany. 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