{"refrec":{"BRefID":359049,"RR":"<b>Mackay, N.; Watson, A.J.; Suntharalingam, P.; Chen, Z.; Landschützer, P.</b> (2022). Improved winter data coverage of the Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sink from extrapolation of summertime observations. <i>Commun. Earth Environ. 3(1)</i>: 265. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00592-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00592-6</a>","BEntID":356764,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Commun. Earth Environ. 3(1)</i>: 265. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00592-6\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00592-6</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Mackay, N.; Watson, A.J.; Suntharalingam, P.; Chen, Z.; Landschützer, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Mackay, N. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The Southern Ocean is an important sink of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>, but it is among the least well-observed ocean basins, and consequentially substantial uncertainties in the CO<sub>2</sub> flux reconstruction exist. A recent attempt to address historically sparse wintertime sampling produced ‘pseudo’ wintertime observations of surface pCO<sub>2</sub> using subsurface summertime observations south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Here, we present an estimate of the Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sink that combines a machine learning-based mapping method with an updated set of pseudo observations that increases regional wintertime data coverage by 68% compared with the historical dataset. Our results confirm the suggestion that improved winter coverage has a modest impact on the reconstruction, slightly strengthening the uptake trend in the 2000s. After also adjusting for surface boundary layer temperature effects, we find a 2004-2018 mean sink of −0.16 ± 0.07 PgC yr<sup>−1</sup> south of the Polar Front and −1.27 ± 0.23 PgC yr<sup>−1</sup> south of 35°S, consistent with independent estimates from atmospheric data.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Improved winter data coverage of the Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sink from extrapolation of summertime observations","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-19 01:32:17.986689","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-11-21","DateCreate":"2022-11-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000879037400002","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1038/s43247-022-00592-6"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":359049,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"265","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"3","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":337093,"SerRR":"Communications Earth & Environment. Springer Nature: London.  ISSN 2662-4435; e-ISSN 2662-4435","StandardTitleSer":"Communications Earth & Environment","ISSN":"2662-4435","AbbrevSer":"Commun. Earth Environ.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":265,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":[{"XBRefID":361391,"RefStrFull":"<b>Mackay, N.; Watson, J.; Suntharalingam, P.; Chen, H.; Landschutzer, P.</b> (2022). Author Correction: Improved winter data coverage of the Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sink from extrapolation of summertime observations. <i>Commun. Earth Environ. 3(1)</i>: 317. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00637-w\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00637-w</a>","RelID":4,"RelationY":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Author Correction: Improved winter data coverage of the Southern Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> sink from extrapolation of summertime observations"}],"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Mackay","Firstname":"Neill","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":356764,"AutID":164881,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Watson","Firstname":"Andrew","Initials":"A.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":356764,"AutID":164880,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Suntharalingam","Firstname":"Parvada","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":356764,"AutID":508436,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Chen","Firstname":"Zhaohui","Initials":"Z.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":356764,"AutID":198321,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Landschützer","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":356764,"AutID":508438,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-7398-3293","PersID":41702,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":384757,"LibID":36,"BRefID":359049,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"384757","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Springer Nature","City":"London"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - 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