{"refrec":{"BRefID":359595,"RR":"<b>Li, Z.; Groeskamp, S.; Cerovecki, I.; England, M.H.</b> (2022). The origin and fate of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Southern Ocean. <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr. 52(11)</i>: 2873-2890. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0221.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0221.1</a>","BEntID":357310,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr. 52(11)</i>: 2873-2890. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0221.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0221.1</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Li, Z.; Groeskamp, S.; Cerovecki, I.; England, M.H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Li, Z. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<p>    Using observationally based hydrographic and eddy diffusivity datasets, a    volume budget analysis is performed to identify the main mechanisms    governing the spatial and seasonal variability of Antarctic Intermediate    Water (AAIW) within the density range <em>γ</em><em><sup>n</sup></em> =    (27.25–27.7) kg m<sup>−3</sup> in the Southern Ocean. The subduction rates    and water mass transformation rates by mesoscale and small-scale turbulent    mixing are estimated. First, Ekman pumping upwells the dense variety of    AAIW into the mixed layer south of the Polar Front, which can be advected    northward by Ekman transport into the subduction regions of lighter-variety    AAIW and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The subduction of light AAIW    occurs mainly by lateral advection in the southeast Pacific and Drake    Passage as well as eddy-induced flow between the Subantarctic and Polar    Fronts. The circumpolar-integrated total subduction yields from −5 to 19 Sv    (1 Sv ≡ 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) of AAIW volume loss.    Second, the diapycnal transport from subducted SAMW into the AAIW layer is    predominantly by mesoscale mixing (2–13 Sv) near the Subantarctic Front and    vertical mixing in the South Pacific, while AAIW is further replenished by    transformation from Upper Circumpolar Deep Water by vertical mixing (1–10    Sv). Last, 3–14 Sv of AAIW are exported out of the Southern Ocean. Our    results suggest that the distribution of AAIW is set by its formation due    to subduction and mixing, and its circulation eastward along the ACC and    northward into the subtropical gyres. The volume budget analysis reveals    strong seasonal variability in the rate of subduction, vertical mixing, and    volume transport driving volume change within the AAIW layer. The nonzero    volume budget residual suggests that more observations are needed to better    constrain the estimate of geostrophic flow and mesoscale and small-scale    mixing diffusivities.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The origin and fate of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Southern Ocean","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-31 01:32:02.650202","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-12-02","DateCreate":"2022-12-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000884471500017","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1175/jpo-d-21-0221.1"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":359595,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"2873-2890","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"52","Issue":"11","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43252,"SerRR":"Journal of Physical Oceanography. American Meteorological Society: Boston, etc.,.  ISSN 0022-3670; e-ISSN 1520-0485","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","ISSN":"0022-3670","AbbrevSer":"J. Phys. 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