{"refrec":{"BRefID":360371,"RR":"<b>Poisson, A.; Metzl, N.; Brunet, C.; Schauer, B.; Bres, B.; Ruiz-Pino, D.; Louanchi, F.</b> (1993). Variability of sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the western Indian and southern oceans during the year 1991. <i>J. Geophys. Res. 98(C12)</i>: 22759-22778. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc02501\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc02501</a>","BEntID":358086,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Geophys. Res. 98(C12)</i>: 22759-22778. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc02501\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc02501</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Poisson, A.; Metzl, N.; Brunet, C.; Schauer, B.; Bres, B.; Ruiz-Pino, D.; Louanchi, F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Poisson, A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"For the period from January to September 1991 we describe spatial and temporal variations of sea surface carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO<sub>2</sub>) in the Antarctic, Subantarctic, subtropical, and tropical regions of the Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea). The measurements were made continuously with an infrared technique during seven cruises. We study the temporal variations of fCO<sub>2</sub> at daily, monthly and seasonal scales in selected areas. High-frequency variabilities of 20 μatm/d have been observed near polar frontal zone. Both spatial and temporal fCO<sub>2</sub> variations are large near the subtropical and Subantartic fronts. In the subtropical domain, fCO<sub>2</sub> decreases regularly from austral summer to winter. In January this region is a small CO<sub>2</sub> sink with values near equilibrium with the atmosphere. In July, low fCO<sub>2</sub> (300 μatm) leads to a CO<sub>2</sub> flux of −4.5 mmol/m<sup>2</sup>/d into the ocean for the zonal band 23°S-35°S. A quantitative study of monthly and seasonal fCO<sub>2</sub> budgets is presented for the subtropical area. Considering first the observations at seasonal scale, it is shown that changes in fCO<sub>2</sub> can be explained by temperature variations and air-sea exchanges; the sum of biological and mixing processes, considered as the balance of the seasonal fCO<sub>2</sub> budget, is close to zero. The monthly fCO<sub>2</sub> budgets are then calculated. In that case, other processes must be taken into account to close the budget: the observations indicate that the effect of productivity exceeds the one of mixing in austral summer and the opposite in winter. We then describe the seasonal air-sea fCO<sub>2</sub> differences (ΔfCO<sub>2</sub>) for the whole western Indian Ocean and corresponding Antarctic sector (18,000 observations). In the equatorial and tropical regions the ocean is a CO<sub>2</sub> source as was previously observed in the 1960s. In the subtropical area the CO<sub>2</sub> sink dominates but varies strongly on a monthly scale. In the circumpolar front zones there is a large potential CO<sub>2</sub> sink in summer. In the Antarctic waters, fCO<sub>2</sub> spatial variability is very high at mesoscale, especially in the area of the Kerguelen plateau. Finally, it is shown that in some oceanic areas, well-defined relations exist between fCO<sub>2</sub> distribution and temperature and salinity. If we want to use them to constrain mappings of continuous fCO<sub>2</sub> fields from sparse observations, such relations must be considered at regional and at least seasonal scales.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Variability of sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> in the western Indian and southern oceans during the year 1991","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-23 01:33:20.181517","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1993,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-01-13","DateCreate":"2023-01-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1993MU34500021","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1029/93jc02501"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":360371,"PubliDate":1993,"Pagination":"22759-22778","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"98","Issue":"C12","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":90908,"SerRR":"Journal of Geophysical Research. American Geophysical Union: Richmond.  ISSN 0148-0227; e-ISSN 2156-2202","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of Geophysical Research","ISSN":"0148-0227","AbbrevSer":"J. Geophys. Res.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":22759,"Pages":20,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":"1896-1977"},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Poisson","Firstname":"Alain","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":189408,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Metzl","Firstname":"Nicolas","Initials":"N.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":256052,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Brunet","Firstname":"Christian","Initials":"C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":73285,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Schauer","Firstname":"Bernard","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":55168,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bres","Firstname":"Bernard","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":513430,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Ruiz-Pino","Firstname":"Diana","Initials":"D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":243848,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Louanchi","Firstname":"Ferial","Initials":"F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":358086,"AutID":513432,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":386089,"LibID":36,"BRefID":360371,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"386089","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"American Geophysical Union","City":"Richmond"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":358086,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":358086,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc02501","externalID":"10.1029/93jc02501","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":108995,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2023-01-12 14:20:13.380000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","updSesDate":{"date":"2023-01-13 08:29:00.687000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}