{"refrec":{"BRefID":362035,"RR":"<b>Johnson, A.L.A.; Valentine, A.M.; Schöne, B.R.; Leng, M.J.; Goolaerts, S.</b> (2022). Sclerochronological evidence of pronounced seasonality from the late Pliocene of the southern North Sea basin and its implications. <i>Clim. Past 18(5)</i>: 1203-1229. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022</a>","BEntID":359751,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Clim. Past 18(5)</i>: 1203-1229. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Johnson, A.L.A.; Valentine, A.M.; Schöne, B.R.; Leng, M.J.; Goolaerts, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Johnson, A.L.A. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Oxygen isotope (<span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O) sclerochronology of benthic marine molluscs provides a means of reconstructing the seasonal range in seafloor temperature, subject to use of an appropriate equation relating shell <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O to temperature and water <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O, a reasonably accurate estimation of water <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O, and due consideration of growth-rate effects. Taking these factors into account, <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O data from late Pliocene bivalves of the southern North Sea basin (Belgium and the Netherlands) indicate a seasonal seafloor range a little smaller than now in the area. Microgrowth-increment data from <i>Aequipecten opercularis</i>, together with the species composition of the bivalve assemblage and aspects of preservation, suggest a setting below the summer thermocline for all but the latest material investigated. This implies a higher summer temperature at the surface than on the seafloor and consequently a greater seasonal range. A reasonable (3 <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) estimate of the difference between maximum seafloor and surface temperature under circumstances of summer stratification points to seasonal surface ranges in excess of the present value (12.4 <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C nearby). Using a model-derived estimate of water <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O (0.0 ‰), summer surface temperature was initially in the cool temperate range (<span class=\"inline-formula\">&lt;20</span> <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) and then (during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period; MPWP) increased into the warm temperate range (<span class=\"inline-formula\">&gt;20</span> <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) before reverting to cool temperate values (in conjunction with shallowing and a loss of summer stratification). This pattern is in agreement with biotic-assemblage evidence. Winter temperature was firmly in the cool temperate range (<span class=\"inline-formula\">&lt;10</span> <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) throughout, contrary to previous interpretations. Averaging of summer and winter surface temperatures for the MPWP provides a figure for annual sea surface temperature that is 2–3 <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C higher than the present value (10.9 <span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>∘</sup></span>C nearby) and in close agreement with a figure obtained by averaging alkenone and TEX<span class=\"inline-formula\"><sub>86</sub></span> temperatures for the MPWP from the Netherlands. These proxies, however, respectively, underestimate summer temperature and overestimate winter temperature, giving an incomplete picture of seasonality. A higher annual temperature than now is consistent with the notion of global warmth in the MPWP, but a low winter temperature in the southern North Sea basin suggests regional reduction in oceanic heat supply, contrasting with other interpretations of North Atlantic oceanography during the interval. Carbonate clumped isotope (<span class=\"inline-formula\">Δ<sub>47</sub></span>) and biomineral unit thermometry offer means of checking the <span class=\"inline-formula\"><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup></span>O-based temperatures.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Sclerochronological evidence of pronounced seasonality from the late Pliocene of the southern North Sea basin and its implications","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-09 01:32:30.912161","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-03-15","DateCreate":"2023-03-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000802162000001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":362035,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"1203-1229","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"18","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":220505,"SerRR":"Climate of the Past. 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