{"refrec":{"BRefID":362476,"RR":"<b>Van Boeckel, J.; Everaert, S.</b> (2022). First fossil record of <i>Mustelus</i> aff. <i>punctulatus</i> Risso, 1826: new evidence for a smooth-hound shark population in the Late Miocene North Sea Basin. <i>Geol. Belg. 25(1-2)</i>: 31-52. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2022.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2022.001</a>","BEntID":360193,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geol. Belg. 25(1-2)</i>: 31-52. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2022.001\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2022.001</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Van Boeckel, J.; Everaert, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Van Boeckel, J.; Everaert, S.","Englishabstract":"<em>Mustelus</em> is a problematic genus in palaeoichthyology. Due to the scarcity of fossil teeth, relative homogeneity in tooth morphology and the lack of published extant dentitions, the early history of smooth-hound sharks remains poorly understood. Recently, two teeth were collected in the Tortonian Deurne Member (Diest Formation) near Antwerp (Belgium). Surprisingly, a detailed SEM-based comparison with the extant North-Eastern Atlantic species (<em>Mustelus mustelus</em>, <em>Mustelus asterias</em>, <em>Mustelus punctulatus</em>) allowed assigning the fossil teeth to <em>Mustelus</em> aff. <em>punctulatus</em>. Today, this species is largely restricted to the Mediterranean and lies at the very base of the placental <em>Mustelus</em> clade evolution. Until now, this species remained unrecognized in the existing fossil record. By (re)evaluating isolated teeth from other upper Miocene localities in the southern North Sea Basin, the existence of a widely distributed population of <em>Mustelus</em> aff. <em>punctulatus </em>for the late Serravallian and the Tortonian can now be postulated. Thereafter, the species disappeared from the North Sea. Until today, no single record of <em>Mustelus punctulatus</em> is known from the Mediterranean predating the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the current populations have their origin in southward migration from northern, Atlantic populations, and this probably after the “Zanclean Flooding”. 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