{"refrec":{"BRefID":362927,"RR":"<b>Chen, M.; Martin, P.; Goodkin, N.F.; Tanzil, J.; Murty, S.; Wiguna, A.A.</b> (2019). An assessment of P speciation and P:Ca proxy calibration in coral cores from Singapore and Bali. <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 267</i>: 113-123. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.024</a>","BEntID":360645,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 267</i>: 113-123. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.024\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.024</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Chen, M.; Martin, P.; Goodkin, N.F.; Tanzil, J.; Murty, S.; Wiguna, A.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Chen, M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Phosphorus (P) in corals has shown potential as a proxy for dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) in seawater, but additional investigations are needed to understand its incorporation mechanism, down-core applicability, and sensitivity, especially in oligotrophic environments with low DIP variability. In this study, we used a new method to distinguish between inorganic and organic P in the skeletons of two <i>Porites</i> sp. cores from Singapore and Bali. We found that around 50% of the total P in the corals is organic P, and both inorganic and organic P in the skeleton can correlate with seawater DIP variability. The Bali core was collected offshore of a major agricultural area in which artificial fertilizer use began in the mid-1970s. Total P/Ca in this core shows a large increase in 1974, and is thereafter strongly related to precipitation. This suggests that P/Ca in this coral records the history of agricultural fertilizer run-off. We used the Singapore coral to directly relate skeletal P/Ca to a contemporaneous seawater DIP record. Despite the overall low DIP concentrations and modest seasonal variability at this site, we found a significant correlation between total P/Ca and seawater DIP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.42, P = 0.04, N = 10) after excluding highly oligotrophic periods (DIP < 0.050 µmol/L, N = 4). Based on the global P/Ca–DIP calibration from multiple coral cores, seawater DIP reconstructions probably have an uncertainty of around ±0.115 µmol/L, which is likely to decrease if more studies are undertaken. Considering just the propagated errors from analytical uncertainty and skeletal heterogeneity suggests that the precision within a coral core could be as low as ±0.056 µmol/L, supporting the downcore application of the P/Ca proxy to track relative changes in DIP. We also estimate that the proxy is valid down to a lower boundary of coral P/Ca of roughly 6.5 µmol/mol, indicating limitations to this proxy only under consistently oligotrophic conditions. Finally, we speculate that organic P in coral skeletons may derive partly from the passive inclusion of dissolved organic P molecules from seawater and partly from the coral holobiont, providing a possible explanation for why total P/Ca can correlate with dissolved phosphate concentration.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"An assessment of P speciation and P:Ca proxy calibration in coral cores from Singapore and Bali","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-07 01:33:25.784216","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Coral; P/Ca; DIP; Singapore; Bali; Paleoenvironment","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-03-30","DateCreate":"2023-03-30","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000491872600007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.024"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":362927,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"113-123","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"267","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42901,"SerRR":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Elsevier: Oxford,New York etc..  ISSN 0016-7037; e-ISSN 1872-9533","StandardTitleSer":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","ISSN":"0016-7037","AbbrevSer":"Geochim. Cosmochim. 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