{"refrec":{"BRefID":363050,"RR":"<b>Luo, Z.; Mertens, K.N.; Nézan, E.; Gu, L.; Pospelova, V.; Thoha, H.; Gu, H.</b> (2019). Morphology, ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of cyst-producing <i>Caladoa arcachonensis</i> gen. et sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) from France and Indonesia. <i>Eur. J. Phycol. 54(2)</i>: 235-248. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1558287\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1558287</a>","BEntID":360768,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Eur. J. Phycol. 54(2)</i>: 235-248. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1558287\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1558287</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Luo, Z.; Mertens, K.N.; Nézan, E.; Gu, L.; Pospelova, V.; Thoha, H.; Gu, H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Luo, Z. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The dinoflagellate order Peridiniales encompasses several well circumscribed families. However, the family level of some genera, such as <i>Bysmatrum</i> and <i>Vulcanodinium</i>, has remained elusive for many years. Four <i>Peridinium</i>-like strains were established from the Atlantic coast of France and North Sulawesi, Indonesia through cyst germination or isolation of single cells. The cyst-theca relationship was established on specimens from the French Atlantic. Their morphologies were examined using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cells were characterized by a much larger epitheca relative to the hypotheca, a large anterior sulcal (Sa) plate deeply intruding the epitheca and a small first anterior intercalary plate. The plate formula was identified as Po, cp, X, 4′, 3a, 7′′, 6C, 5S, 5′′′, 2′′′′, shared by <i>Apocalathium, Chimonodinium, Fusiperidinium</i> and <i>Scrippsiella</i> of the family Thoracosphaeraceae but the configuration of Sa plate and anterior intercalary plates is different. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the eyespot was located within a chloroplast comprising two rows of lipid globules and thus belongs to type A. All four strains were classified within a new genus <i>Caladoa</i> as <i>C. arcachonensis</i> gen. et sp. nov. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), partial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) sequences were obtained from all strains. Genetic distance based on ITS rDNA sequences between French and Indonesian strains reached 0.17, suggesting cryptic speciation in <i>C. arcachonensis</i>. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis based on concatenated data from SSU and LSU rDNA sequences revealed that <i>Caladoa</i> is monophyletic and closest to <i>Bysmatrum</i>. Our results supported that <i>Caladoa</i> and <i>Bysmatrum</i> are members of the order Peridiniales but their family level remains to be determined. Our results also support that <i>Vulcanodinium</i> is closest to the family Peridiniaceae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Morphology, ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of cyst-producing <i>Caladoa arcachonensis</i> gen. et sp. nov. 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