{"refrec":{"BRefID":363118,"RR":"<b>Schramkowski, G.; Kaptein, S.J.</b> (2023). Effecten van zeespiegelstijging in de Schelde: deelrapport 3. iFlow‐simulaties van getij en sediment. Versie 4.0. <i>WL Rapporten</i>, 19_058_3. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen. VIII, 32 + 3 p. bijl. pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.48607/170\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.48607/170</a>","BEntID":360836,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". Versie 4.0. <i>WL Rapporten</i>, 19_058_3. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen.  VIII, 32 + 3 p. bijl. pp. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.48607/170\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.48607/170</a>","DocTypID":13,"DocType":"Reports","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schramkowski, G.; Kaptein, S.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schramkowski, G.; Kaptein, S.J.","Englishabstract":null,"AbstractOtherLang":"In dit rapport worden de effecten van 1, 2 en 3 meter zeespiegelstijging in de Schelde bestudeerd aan de hand van simulaties met het geïdealiseerde model iFlow. Het betreft hier zowel resultaten voor getijdynamica (M<sub>2</sub> ‐en M<sub>4</sub>‐componenten) alsook evenwichtsverdelingen van sediment voor een vaste, doch willekeurig gekozen rivierafvoer. De resultaten worden voor wat betreft de waterbeweging vergeleken met de bevindingen van de hydrodynamische modelstudie van Chu e.a. (2020).<br>Met betrekking tot de hydrodynamica geeft iFlow voor 1 en 2 meter zeespiegelstijging een goede overeenkomst met Chu e.a. (2020) voor wat betreft fasering van M<sub>2</sub> ‐en M<sub>4</sub>‐waterstand en de amplitude van het verticale M<sub>2</sub>‐getij. De M<sub>4</sub>‐waterstanden worden daarentegen door iFlow sterk overschat. De trends voor wat betreft zeespiegelstijging komen kwalitatief overeen voor de M<sub>2</sub> ‐en M<sub>4</sub>‐amplitudes, maar zijn tegengesteld voor de fasering. Meer specifiek vertraagt de snelheid van getijvoortplanting (celeriteit) bij iFlow door zeespiegelstijging terwijl Chu e.a. (2020) een versnelling vinden. De resultaten voor 3 meter zeespiegelstijging wijken sterk af van Chu e.a. (2020) zodat dit scenario niet is meegenomen bij de sedimentberekeningen. Door zeespiegelstijging overspoelen de huidige intergetijdegebieden permanent. Dit leidt tot een toename van de breedte, hetgeen zorgt voor een sterke demping van de toename van de getijslag. Zo neemt de amplitude van de M<sub>2</sub>‐waterstand toe met enkele centimeters per meter zeespiegelstijging, zonder overspoeling van de intergetijdegebieden bedraagt de toename enkele decimeters per meter stijging.<br>Bij de sedimentberekeningen wordt de evenwichtverdeling van sediment bepaald in functie van een vaste, doch willekeurige rivierafvoer. Bij evenwicht verandert de getijgemiddelde concentratie niet op de langere tijdschaal. Doorgaans vertoont de sedimentverdeling één of meerdere estuariene troebelheidsmaxima (ETMs). De maximale concentraties gaan bij zeespiegelstijging overwegend omlaag. Het systeem wordt echter wel meer geneigd tot import van sediment bij lagere afvoeren, hetgeen lokaal netto depositie geeft. Deze situatie treedt bij de referentietiestoestand en 1 meter zeespiegelstijging op voor afvoeren tot 50 m3/s, bij 2 meter zeespiegelstijging eindigt import pas boven 140 m3/s. Het effect van de bodemveranderingen op de hydrodynamica (morfologische feedback) is niet meegenomen in het model.<br>Het blijkt dat spatial settling lag van cruciaal belang is voor de vorming van de ETMs: zonder dit mechanisme spoelt het systeem uit. Omdat de sterkte van dit mechanisme vooral afhangt van de grootte van de M<sub>2</sub>‐ stroming lijken de minder accurate reproductie van het M<sub>4</sub>‐getij en de trends in celeriteit in eerste instantie minder van belang voor een adequate beschrijving van evenwichtssedimentverdelingen. 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