{"refrec":{"BRefID":363157,"RR":"Vancoppenolle, M.; Madec, G.; Thomas, M.; McDougall, T.J. (2019). Thermodynamics of sea ice phase composition revisited. JGR: Oceans 124(1): 615-634. https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014611","BEntID":360875,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". JGR: Oceans 124(1): 615-634. https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014611","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Vancoppenolle, M.; Madec, G.; Thomas, M.; McDougall, T.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Vancoppenolle, M. et al.","Englishabstract":"Pure ice, brine and solid minerals are the main contributors to sea ice mass. Constitutional changes with salinity and temperature exert a fundamental control on sea ice physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, current estimation methods and model representations of the sea ice phase composition suffer from two limitations—in a context of poorly quantified uncertainties. First, salt minerals are neglected. Second, formulations are inconsistent with international standards, in particular with the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS-10). To address these issues, we revisit the thermodynamics of the sea ice phase composition by confronting observations, theory, and the usual computation methods. We find remarkable agreement between observations and the Gibbs-Pitzer theory as implemented in FREZCHEM, both for brine salinity (RMSE = 1.9 g/kg) and liquid H2O mass fraction (RMSE = 8.6 g/kg). On this basis, we propose expanded sea ice phase composition equations including minerals, expressed in terms of International Temperature Scale 1990 temperature and absolute salinity, and valid down to the eutectic temperature (−36.2 °C). These equations precisely reproduce FREZCHEM, outcompeting currently used calculation techniques. We also suggest a modification of the TEOS-10 seawater Gibbs function giving a liquidus curve consistent with observations down to the eutectic temperature without changing TEOS-10 inside its original validity range.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Thermodynamics of sea ice phase composition revisited","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-17 01:32:50.479627","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"sea ice; phase composition; brine; thermodynamics; FREZCHEM; TEOS-10","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2019,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-04-05","DateCreate":"2023-04-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000458718600034","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1029/2018JC014611"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":363157,"PubliDate":2019,"Pagination":"615-634","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"124","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":272092,"SerRR":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION: Washington. ISSN 2169-9275; e-ISSN 2169-9291","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","ISSN":"2169-9275","AbbrevSer":"JGR: Oceans","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":615,"Pages":20,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Vancoppenolle","Firstname":"Martin","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":360875,"AutID":165478,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-7573-8582","PersID":18654,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Madec","Firstname":"Gurvan","Initials":"G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":360875,"AutID":243883,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Thomas","Firstname":"Max","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":360875,"AutID":445588,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"McDougall","Firstname":"Trevor","Initials":"T.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":360875,"AutID":43843,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":388756,"LibID":36,"BRefID":363157,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"388756","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"
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