{"refrec":{"BRefID":363212,"RR":"<b>Bouttes, N.; Swingedouw, D.; Roche, D.M.; Sanchez Goñi, M.F.; Crosta, X.</b> (2018). Response of the carbon cycle in an intermediate complexity model to the different climate configurations of the last nine interglacials. <i>Clim. Past 14(2)</i>: 239-253. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018</a>","BEntID":360930,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Clim. Past 14(2)</i>: 239-253. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bouttes, N.; Swingedouw, D.; Roche, D.M.; Sanchez Goñi, M.F.; Crosta, X.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bouttes, N. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span> levels during interglacials prior to the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE, <span class=\"inline-formula\">∼</span> 430 <span class=\"inline-formula\">ka BP</span>) were around 40 <span class=\"inline-formula\">ppm</span> lower than after the MBE. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. A&nbsp;recent hypothesis proposed that changes in oceanic circulation, in response to different external forcings before and after the MBE, might have increased the ocean carbon storage in pre-MBE interglacials, thus lowering atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span>. Nevertheless, no quantitative estimate of this hypothesis has been produced up to now. Here we use an intermediate complexity model including the carbon cycle to evaluate the response of the carbon reservoirs in the atmosphere, ocean and land in response to the changes of orbital forcings, ice sheet configurations and atmospheric <span class=\"inline formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span> concentrations over the last nine interglacials. We show that the ocean takes up more carbon during pre-MBE interglacials in agreement with data, but the impact on atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span> is limited to a&nbsp;few parts per million.  Terrestrial biosphere is simulated to be less developed in pre-MBE interglacials, which reduces the storage of carbon on land and increases atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span>. Accounting for different simulated ice sheet extents modifies the vegetation cover and temperature, and thus the carbon reservoir distribution. Overall, atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span> levels are lower during these pre-MBE simulated interglacials including all these effects, but the magnitude is still far too small. These results suggest a&nbsp;possible misrepresentation of some key processes in the model, such as the magnitude of ocean circulation changes, or the lack of crucial mechanisms or internal feedbacks, such as those related to permafrost, to fully account for the lower atmospheric <span class=\"inline-formula\">CO<sub>2</sub></span> concentrations during pre-MBE interglacials.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Response of the carbon cycle in an intermediate complexity model to the different climate configurations of the last nine interglacials","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-04 01:31:48.356018","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2018,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-04-05","DateCreate":"2023-04-04","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000426740200001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/cp-14-239-2018"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":363212,"PubliDate":2018,"Pagination":"239-253","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"14","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":220505,"SerRR":"Climate of the Past. Copernicus: Göttingen.  ISSN 1814-9324; e-ISSN 1814-9332","StandardTitleSer":"Climate of the Past","ISSN":"1814-9324","AbbrevSer":"Clim. 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