{"refrec":{"BRefID":363340,"RR":"<b>Seymour, C.O.; Palmer, M.; Becraft, E.D.; Stepanauskas, R.; Friel, A.D.; Schulz, F.; Woyke, T.; Eloe-Fadrosh, E.; Lai, D.; Jiao, J.-Y.; Hua, Z.-S.; Liu, L.; Lian, Z.-H.; Li, W.-J.; Chuvochina, M.; Finley, B.K.; Koch, B.J.; Schwartz, E.; Dijkstra, P.; Moser, D.P.; Hungate, B.A.; Hedlund, B.P.</b> (2023). Hyperactive nanobacteria with host-dependent traits pervade Omnitrophota. <i>Nature Microbiology 8(4)</i>: 727-744. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01319-1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01319-1</a>","BEntID":361058,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature Microbiology 8(4)</i>: 727-744. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01319-1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01319-1</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Seymour, C.O.; Palmer, M.; Becraft, E.D.; Stepanauskas, R.; Friel, A.D.; Schulz, F.; Woyke, T.; Eloe-Fadrosh, E.; Lai, D.; Jiao, J.-Y.; Hua, Z.-S.; Liu, L.; Lian, Z.-H.; Li, W.-J.; Chuvochina, M.; Finley, B.K.; Koch, B.J.; Schwartz, E.; Dijkstra, P.; Moser, D.P.; Hungate, B.A.; Hedlund, B.P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Seymour, C.O. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Candidate bacterial phylum Omnitrophota has not been isolated and is poorly understood. We analysed 72 newly sequenced and 349 existing Omnitrophota genomes representing 6 classes and 276 species, along with Earth Microbiome Project data to evaluate habitat, metabolic traits and lifestyles. We applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting and differential size filtration, and showed that most Omnitrophota are ultra-small (~0.2 μm) cells that are found in water, sediments and soils. Omnitrophota genomes in 6 classes are reduced, but maintain major biosynthetic and energy conservation pathways, including acetogenesis (with or without the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway) and diverse respirations. At least 64% of Omnitrophota genomes encode gene clusters typical of bacterial symbionts, suggesting host-associated lifestyles. We repurposed quantitative stable-isotope probing data from soils dominated by andesite, basalt or granite weathering and identified 3 families with high isotope uptake consistent with obligate bacterial predators. 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