{"refrec":{"BRefID":364169,"RR":"<b>Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Plewka, J.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Soares, A.; Scarchilli, C.; Grigioni, P.; Wex, H.; Giebel, H.-A.; Probst, A.J.</b> (2022). Heads in the clouds: marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. <i>bioRxiv 2022</i>: 1-35. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.21.497027 \" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.21.497027 </a>","BEntID":361889,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>bioRxiv 2022</i>: 1-35. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.21.497027\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.21.497027</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Plewka, J.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Soares, A.; Scarchilli, C.; Grigioni, P.; Wex, H.; Giebel, H.-A.; Probst, A.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Rahlff, J. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Marine viruses have thoroughly been studied in seawater, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2 % of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols and rain. Viruses detected in rain and aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses, and a genetically distinct rain virome supports that those viruses could inhabit higher air masses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to “foreign” viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization and long-range atmospheric dispersal implicate virus-mediated carbon turnover in remote areas, viral dispersal mechanisms relevant to human health, and involvement of viruses in atmospheric processes like ice-nucleation.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Heads in the clouds: marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-28 01:30:37.342412","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"viromics, foam, rain, atmosphere, sea-surface microlayer, neuston, ice-nucleating particles, CRISPR","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2022,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-05-11","DateCreate":"2023-05-11","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1101/2022.06.21.497027"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":364169,"PubliDate":2022,"Pagination":"1-35","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"2022","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":324478,"SerRR":"bioRxiv: the preprint server for biology.","StandardTitleSer":"bioRxiv: the preprint server for biology","ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":"bioRxiv","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":1,"Pages":35,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":[{"XBRefID":381431,"RefStrFull":"<b>Rahlff, J.; Esser, S.P.; Plewka, J.; Heinrichs, M.E.; Soares, A.; Scarchilli, C.; Grigioni, P.; Wex, H.; Giebel, H.-A.; Probst, A.J.</b> (2023). Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. <i>Nature Comm. 14(1)</i>: 6354. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5</a>","RelID":4,"RelationY":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle"}],"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Rahlff","Firstname":"Janina","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530718,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Esser","Firstname":"Sarah","Initials":"S.P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530719,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Plewka","Firstname":"Julia","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":499623,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Heinrichs","Firstname":"Mara Elena","Initials":"M.E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530721,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Soares","Firstname":"André","Initials":"A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530722,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Scarchilli","Firstname":"Claudio","Initials":"C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530723,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Grigioni","Firstname":"Paolo","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":530724,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wex","Firstname":"Heike","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":378210,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Giebel","Firstname":"Helge-Ansgar","Initials":"H.-A.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":205375,"OrderNr":9,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Probst","Firstname":"Alexander","Initials":"A.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":361889,"AutID":432045,"OrderNr":10,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":[{"DasID":8313,"Acronym":null,"Citation":"Rahlff, J.; 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