{"refrec":{"BRefID":364222,"RR":"<b>Bussmann, R.W.; Malca, G.; Glenn, A.; Sharon, D.; Nilsen, B.; Parris, B.; Dubose, D.; Ruiz, D.; Saleda, J.; Martinez, M.; Carillo, L.; Walker, K.; Kuhlman, A.; Townesmith, A.</b> (2011). Toxicity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru. <i>Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137(1)</i>: 121-140. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.071\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.071</a>","BEntID":361942,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137(1)</i>: 121-140. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.071\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.071</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Bussmann, R.W.; Malca, G.; Glenn, A.; Sharon, D.; Nilsen, B.; Parris, B.; Dubose, D.; Ruiz, D.; Saleda, J.; Martinez, M.; Carillo, L.; Walker, K.; Kuhlman, A.; Townesmith, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Bussmann, R.W. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<h3 id=\"S1title\">Aim</h3><p id=\"P2\" class=\"p p-first-last\">The plant species reported here are traditionally used in Northern Peru for a wide range of illnesses. Most remedies are prepared as ethanol or aqueous extracts and then ingested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of these extracts.</p></div><div id=\"S2\" class=\"sec\"><h3 id=\"S2title\">Materials and methods</h3><p id=\"P3\" class=\"p p-first-last\">The toxicity of ethanolic and water extracts of 341 plant species was determined using a Brine-Shrimp assay.</p></div><div id=\"S3\" class=\"sec\"><h3 id=\"S3title\">Results</h3><p id=\"P4\" class=\"p p-first-last\">Overall 24% of the species in water extract and 76% of the species in alcoholic extract showed elevated toxicity levels to brine-shrimp. Although in most cases multiple extracts of the same species showed very similar toxicity values, in some cases the toxicity of different extracts of the same species varied from non-toxic to highly toxic.</p></div><div id=\"S4\" class=\"sec sec-last\"><h3 id=\"S4title\">Conclusions</h3><p id=\"P5\" class=\"p p-first-last\">Traditional preparation methods take different toxicity levels in aqueous and ethanol extracts into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy.</p>","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Toxicity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"medicinal plants, ethnobotany, brine shrimp, Artemia salina, toxicity, Northern Peru","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2011,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-05-15","DateCreate":"2023-05-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000295236700015","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.071"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":364222,"PubliDate":2011,"Pagination":"121-140","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"137","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":262242,"SerRR":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 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