{"refrec":{"BRefID":364475,"RR":"<b>Nunes, B.; Carvalho, F.; Guilhermino, L.</b> (2005). Acute toxicity of widely used pharmaceuticals in aquatic species: <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i>, <i>Artemia parthenogenetica</i> and <i>Tetraselmis chuii</i>. <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 61(3)</i>: 413-419. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.010\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.010</a>","BEntID":362195,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 61(3)</i>: 413-419. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.010\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.010</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nunes, B.; Carvalho, F.; Guilhermino, L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nunes, B.; Carvalho, F.; Guilhermino, L.","Englishabstract":"            Pharmaceuticals are continuously dispersed into the environment as a result of human and veterinary use, posing relevant environmental concerns. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of three therapeutic agents (diazepam, clofibrate, and clofibric acid) and a detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) in three aquatic species, namely the euryhaline fish Gambusia holbrooki, the hypersaline crustacean Artemia parthenogenetica, and the marine algae Tetraselmis chuii. The ranking of 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) for the two animal species and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the algal species was, in decreasing order, clofibric acid &gt; SDS &gt; diazepam &gt; clofibrate for G. holbrooki, clofibric acid &gt; clofibrate &gt; SDS &gt; diazepam for A. parthenogenetica, and clofibric acid &gt; clofibrate &gt; SDS &gt; diazepam for T. chuii. These differences show that the intrinsic nature of test organisms must be considered when evaluating the toxicity of these agents to aquatic ecosystems.    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