{"refrec":{"BRefID":365023,"RR":"<b>Shishkin-Skarð, Y.; Drachko, D.; Zlatogursky, V.V.</b> (2023). Shedding light on the origin of Acanthocystidae: <i>Ricksol blepharistes</i> gen. n., sp. n. (Ricksolidae fam. n., Panacanthocystida, Centroplasthelida), with notes on the evolution of the genera <i>Acanthocystis, Ozanamia</i> gen. n. (Ozanamiidae fam. n.), and “<i>Heterophrys</i>-like organisms”. <i>Org. Divers. Evol. 23(2)</i>: 263-274. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00595-3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00595-3</a>","BEntID":362743,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Org. Divers. Evol. 23(2)</i>: 263-274. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00595-3\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00595-3</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Shishkin-Skarð, Y.; Drachko, D.; Zlatogursky, V.V.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Shishkin-Skarð, Y.; Drachko, D.; Zlatogursky, V.V.","Englishabstract":"A new family, genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, <i>Ricksol blepharistes</i> gen. n., sp. n. (Ricksolidae fam. n.), from the 6‰ water of White Sea, was studied with light and electron microscopy and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. <i>R. blepharistes</i> has two types of siliceous scales. Internal (plate) scales are guitar-shaped and flat, with an axial rib and thin margin. External (spine) scales are long with a long curved shaft and petite drop-shaped laterally winged basal plate. <i>R. blepharistes</i> is the only centohelid having external scales of this type. Molecular phylogenetic analysis places <i>R. blepharistes</i> in Panacanthocystida distantly from any identifiable families. This position is confirmed with the elongated sequences in the panacanthocystid increased regions (PINs) 1–4, 6, and 7. This pattern of elongated PINs correlates with the molecular phylogenetic place in the Acanthocystida subclade of Panacanthocystida. The morphology of the new genus has some similarities with the genera <i>Meringosphaera</i>, <i>Ozanamia</i> gen. n., and the strain SRT127 isolated from Tokyo Bay (Japan) in 2011 by Azumi Fukuda. For this strain, the molecular phylogenetic position in Acanthocystida was also reported. These similarities are discussed (<i>Ozanamia symna</i> gen. n., comb. n., <i>Ozanamia curvata</i> comb. n., and Ozanamiidae fam. n. are described) as well as the status of the taxa possibly related to <i>R. blepharistes</i>. The probable life cycles with interchanging scale- and spicule-bearing cells in early branches of Panacanthocystida are discussed, too. Last but not the least, we discuss the origin of the genus <i>Acanthocystis</i> from ancestors similar to <i>R. blepharistes</i> gen. n., sp. n. and/or SRT127 strain.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Shedding light on the origin of Acanthocystidae: <i>Ricksol blepharistes</i> gen. n., sp. n. (Ricksolidae fam. n., Panacanthocystida, Centroplasthelida), with notes on the evolution of the genera <i>Acanthocystis, Ozanamia</i> gen. n. 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