{"refrec":{"BRefID":365265,"RR":"<b>Brouwers, B.; Meire, D.; Toorman, E.; van Beeck, J.; Lataire, E.</b> (2023). Conditioning procedures to enhance the reproducibility of mud settling and consolidation experiments. <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 290</i>: 108407. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407</a>","BEntID":362985,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 290</i>: 108407. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Brouwers, B.; Meire, D.; Toorman, E.; van Beeck, J.; Lataire, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Brouwers, B. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The means by which mud is conditioned for use in laboratory experiments affects the behaviour of the mud during the experiments, and hence the results and reproducibility. This study discusses the impact of different mud conditioning techniques and procedures using multiple series of short-term consolidation tests. The mud used originates from the Zeebrugge docks of the Port of Antwerp-Bruges, Belgium. For all experiments the initial density of the mud was around 1.08 g cm−3, which is below its gel density. This has the advantage that the comparison can be limited to the behaviour during the typical initial settling phases, allowing experiments to be restricted in time to seven days. Each series of experiments is repeated multiple times using two separate batches of mud. The objective is to quantify the repeatability across these different series of experiments, and to identify the ideal conditioning procedure for optimal reproducibility for future laboratory experiments using mud. Distinct differences in settling curves are observed which confirm the intended influence of each mixing technique. A conditioning procedure based on a combination of axial and radial mixing yields the most control over settling behaviour during the initial stages of the sedimentation process and therefore results in the best repeatability of settling behaviour. It is recommended that such a mud conditioning procedure is further used for experiments with mud to allow for a better uniformity in research where the behaviour of mud is critical.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Conditioning procedures to enhance the reproducibility of mud settling and consolidation experiments","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-09 01:42:37.339268","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Reproducibility; Repeatability; Conditioning; Mixing; Consolidation; Sedimentation; Cohesive sediment; Mud; Laboratory experiments","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-06-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001054468400001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":365265,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"108407","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"290","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44109,"SerRR":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Academic Press: London; New York.  ISSN 0272-7714; e-ISSN 1096-0015","StandardTitleSer":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","ISSN":"0272-7714","AbbrevSer":"Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":null,"Pages":null,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Brouwers","Firstname":"Bart","Initials":"B.","Affiliation":"Flanders Hydraulics","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":362985,"AutID":539808,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"WL","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Vlaams Ministerie Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ORCID":"0000-0003-0515-5311","PersID":30777,"InsID":116},{"AutName":"Meire","Firstname":"Dieter","Initials":"D.","Affiliation":"Flanders Hydraulics","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":362985,"AutID":439788,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"WL","InsFSN":"Vlaamse overheid; Beleidsdomein Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Vlaams Ministerie Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken; Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ORCID":"0009-0001-5093-9054","PersID":27163,"InsID":116},{"AutName":"Toorman","Firstname":"Erik","Initials":"E.","Affiliation":"Hydraulics & Geotechnics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":362985,"AutID":477037,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"KU Leuven; Afdeling Hydraulica","ORCID":"0000-0001-7647-6310","PersID":2414,"InsID":37},{"AutName":"van Beeck","Firstname":"Jeroen","Initials":"J.","Affiliation":"Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics Department, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":362985,"AutID":325158,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":"VKI","InsFSN":"Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics","ORCID":"0000-0003-0245-9889","PersID":37793,"InsID":14580},{"AutName":"Lataire","Firstname":"Evert","Initials":"E.","Affiliation":"Maritime Technology Division,  Department of Civil Engineering,  Ghent University","Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":362985,"AutID":317737,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Civiele Techniek; Afdeling Maritieme Techniek","ORCID":null,"PersID":11364,"InsID":6255}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":[{"DasID":8469,"Acronym":null,"Citation":"Brouwers, B. (2023). Mud settling experiments - Water/mud interface level time series [DATA SET]. Flanders Hydraulics","StandardTitle":"Mud settling experiments - Water/mud interface level time series","RelationID":2,"DOI":null}],"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":362985,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":392482,"LibID":36,"BRefID":365265,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"392482","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null},{"BInstID":390799,"LibID":2706,"BRefID":365265,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"390799","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Open Archive Documents","Acronym":"WL","Library":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","DutchTerm":"Open Archief","URL":null,"ClassifID":223,"Classification":"Open Repository","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":2,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_OWA","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":116,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":null,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","Notes":null,"AccConID":26,"AccessConstraint":"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)","LicURL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":221,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Academic Press","City":"London; New York"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cohesive sediment","ThestID":169969,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTermPath":"Hydraulics and sediment > Sediment > Cohesive sediment"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nautical bottom","ThestID":169968,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTermPath":"Hydraulics and sediment > Sediment > Nautical bottom"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Physical modelling","ThestID":169915,"Acronym":"WL_KDT","ThesTermPath":"Physical modelling"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cohesive sediment"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nautical bottom"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Physical modelling"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","ShortName":"OMA"},{"Collection":"ScheldeMonitor","ShortName":"scheldemonitor"},{"Collection":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","ShortName":"WL"}],"conf":null,"proj":[{"ProID":5238,"Acronym":null,"ProStandardTitle":"\tOntwikkeling van onderzoeksinfrastructuur ter ondersteuning van nautisch onderzoek","BYear":2019,"BMonth":11,"EYear":2024,"EMonth":1,"FP7Code":null,"RelID":1,"Relation":"Result","DutchTerm":"Is resultaat van"}],"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"222":{"SpName":"BMB - Belgische Mariene Bibliografie","SpColID":222,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"BMB","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"BMB"},"1020":{"SpName":"FRIS (WL)","SpColID":1020,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":"FRIS (WL)","URLLocation":null,"LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/FRIS (WL)"},"867":{"SpName":"IMIS themes","SpColID":867,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"IMIS themes","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes"},"52":{"SpName":"Methods and techniques","SpColID":52,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Methodes en technieken","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Methodes en technieken"},"638":{"SpName":"Morphodynamics","SpColID":638,"ParSpColID":867,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Morfodynamiek","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Morfodynamiek"},"647":{"SpName":"Morphodynamics: Dredging and dumping","SpColID":647,"ParSpColID":638,"TopParID":867,"ShortName":"Morfodynamiek: Baggeren en storten","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":867,"SpColPath":"IMIS themes/Morfodynamiek/Morfodynamiek: Baggeren en storten"},"221":{"SpName":"OMA - Open Marien Archief","SpColID":221,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"OMA","URLLocation":null,"LibID":36,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"OMA"},"462":{"SpName":"OpenDocs:OWA","SpColID":462,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":"OWA","URLLocation":"https://documentatiecentrum.watlab.be/owa/imis.php?module=ref&refid=","LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":1,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/OWA"},"27":{"SpName":"ScheldeMonitor","SpColID":27,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"scheldemonitor","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"scheldemonitor"},"130":{"SpName":"Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium","SpColID":130,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WL","URLLocation":null,"LibID":2706,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":1,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL"},"1025":{"SpName":"WL expert","SpColID":1025,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"WL expert","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL expert"},"360":{"SpName":"WL Staf Publicaties","SpColID":360,"ParSpColID":130,"TopParID":130,"ShortName":"wl stafpublicaties","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"WL/wl stafpublicaties"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":362985,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":362985,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407","externalID":"10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108407","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":117684,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cohesive sediment","ThestID":169969,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTypID":12,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nautical bottom","ThestID":169968,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTypID":12,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Physical modelling","ThestID":169915,"Acronym":"WL_KDT","ThesTypID":13,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein types"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Cohesive sediment","DutchTerm":"Cohesief sediment","ThestID":169969,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTypID":12,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Nautical bottom","DutchTerm":"Nautische bodem","ThestID":169968,"Acronym":"WL_KD","ThesTypID":12,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Physical modelling","DutchTerm":"Schaalmodelproeven","ThestID":169915,"Acronym":"WL_KDT","ThesTypID":13,"ThesType":"WL Kennisdomein types"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Cerpentier, Steven, S.","newSesDate":{"date":"2023-06-26 17:07:39.770000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Lyssens, Liesbeth, L.","updSesDate":{"date":"2025-09-18 16:40:53.237000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}