{"refrec":{"BRefID":365584,"RR":"<b>Ma, Y.; Zhu, L.; Peng, Z.; Xue, L.; Zhao, W.; Li, T.; Lin, S.; Bouma, T.; Hofland, B.; Dong, C.; Li, X.</b> (2023). Wave attenuation by flattened vegetation (<i>Scirpus mariqueter</i>). <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 10</i>: 1106070. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106070\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106070</a>","BEntID":363306,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Front. Mar. Sci. 10</i>: 1106070. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106070\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106070</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ma, Y.; Zhu, L.; Peng, Z.; Xue, L.; Zhao, W.; Li, T.; Lin, S.; Bouma, T.; Hofland, B.; Dong, C.; Li, X.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ma, Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"With the capacity to reduce wave energy and trap sediment, <i>Scirpus mariqueter</i> has become an important native species of annual grass for ecology restoration at the Yangtze Estuary in eastern China. Due to seasonal variances of biophysical characteristics, <i>S. mariqueter</i> usually bends and breaks in winter, resulting in flattened stems that may reduce its wave attenuation capacity. To investigate the effects of vegetation flattening on wave attenuation, a set of flume experiments were conducted for flattened and standing vegetation under different wave conditions. The model vegetation was designed to represent the wilted <i>S. mariqueter</i> collected in winter with dynamic similarity. Results showed that the wave damping coefficient for flattened vegetation (βF) was 33.6%-72.4% of that for standing vegetation (βS) with the same vegetation length. Both βF and βS increased with wave height but decreased with water depth. A wave attenuation indicator (WAI) was defined to generate empirical formulas for βS and βF as well as their ratio βF/βS. The empirical formulas were then applied to modify the existing standing vegetation-based wave attenuation model for flattened vegetation and performed successfully. Understanding the wave attenuation characteristics of flattened vegetation is essential for the management of ecological restoration and coastal protection.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Wave attenuation by flattened vegetation (<i>Scirpus mariqueter</i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:32:35.538475","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"<i>Scirpus mariqueter</i>; wave attenuation; flattened vegetation; wave attenuation indicator; flume experiment; natural coastal protection; empirical model","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-11-27","DateCreate":"2023-07-05","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000975757500001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.3389/fmars.2023.1106070"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":365584,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"1106070","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"10","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":233602,"SerRR":"Frontiers in Marine Science. 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