{"refrec":{"BRefID":365776,"RR":"<b>von Schuckmann, Karina; Minière, Audrey; Gues, Flora; Cuesta-Valero, Francisco José; Kirchengast, Gottfried; Adusumilli, Susheel; Straneo, Fiammetta; Ablain, Michaël; Allan, Richard P.; Barker, Paul M.; Beltrami, Hugo; Blazquez, Alejandro; Boyer, Tim; Cheng, Lijing; Church, John; Desbruyeres, Damien; Dolman, Han; Domingues, Catia M.; García-García, Almudena; Giglio, Donata; Gilson, John E.; Gorfer, Maximilian; Haimberger, Leopold; Hakuba, Maria Z.; Hendricks, Stefan; Hosoda, Shigeki; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel; King, Brian; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Korosov, Anton; Krinner, Gerhard; Kuusela, Mikael; Landerer, Felix W.; Langer, Moritz; Lavergne, Thomas; Lawrence, Isobel; Li, Yuehua; Lyman, John; Marti, Florence; Marzeion, Ben; Mayer, Michael; MacDougall, Andrew H.; McDougall, Trevor; Monselesan, Didier Paolo; Nitzbon, Jan; Otosaka, Inès; Peng, Jian; Purkey, Sarah; Roemmich, Dean; Sato, Kanako; Sato, Katsunari; Savita, Abhishek; Schweiger, Axel; Shepherd, Andrew; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Simons, Leon; Slater, Donald A.; Slater, Thomas; Steiner, Andrea K.; Suga, Toshio; Szekely, Tanguy; Thiery, Wim; Timmermans, Mary-Louise; Vanderkelen, Inne; Wjiffels, Susan E.; Wu, Tonghua; Zemp, Michael</b> (2023). Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go? <i>ESSD 15(4)</i>: 1675-1709. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023</a>","BEntID":363498,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":" <i>ESSD 15(4)</i>: 1675-1709. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023</a>","DocTypID":20,"DocType":"Data paper","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"von Schuckmann, Karina; Minière, Audrey; Gues, Flora; Cuesta-Valero, Francisco José; Kirchengast, Gottfried; Adusumilli, Susheel; Straneo, Fiammetta; Ablain, Michaël; Allan, Richard P.; Barker, Paul M.; Beltrami, Hugo; Blazquez, Alejandro; Boyer, Tim; Cheng, Lijing; Church, John; Desbruyeres, Damien; Dolman, Han; Domingues, Catia M.; García-García, Almudena; Giglio, Donata; Gilson, John E.; Gorfer, Maximilian; Haimberger, Leopold; Hakuba, Maria Z.; Hendricks, Stefan; Hosoda, Shigeki; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel; King, Brian; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Korosov, Anton; Krinner, Gerhard; Kuusela, Mikael; Landerer, Felix W.; Langer, Moritz; Lavergne, Thomas; Lawrence, Isobel; Li, Yuehua; Lyman, John; Marti, Florence; Marzeion, Ben; Mayer, Michael; MacDougall, Andrew H.; McDougall, Trevor; Monselesan, Didier Paolo; Nitzbon, Jan; Otosaka, Inès; Peng, Jian; Purkey, Sarah; Roemmich, Dean; Sato, Kanako; Sato, Katsunari; Savita, Abhishek; Schweiger, Axel; Shepherd, Andrew; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Simons, Leon; Slater, Donald A.; Slater, Thomas; Steiner, Andrea K.; Suga, Toshio; Szekely, Tanguy; Thiery, Wim; Timmermans, Mary-Louise; Vanderkelen, Inne; Wjiffels, Susan E.; Wu, Tonghua; Zemp, Michael","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"von Schuckmann, Karina <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":" The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat  has accumulated    continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the  land, the    cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment  Report by    Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate  Change, this    planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results  in    unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse    impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides    a  measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying    how much  heat has accumulated in the Earth system, as well as where the    heat is stored.  Here we show that the Earth system has continued to    accumulate heat, with 381±61 ZJ  accumulated from 1971 to 2020. This is    equivalent to a heating rate (i.e., the  EEI) of 0.48±0.1 W m<sup>−2</sup>.     The majority, about 89 %, of this heat  is stored in the ocean, followed by    about 6 % on land, 1 % in the atmosphere,  and about 4 % available for    melting the cryosphere. Over the most recent period  (2006–2020), the EEI    amounts to 0.76±0.2 W m<sup>−2</sup>. The Earth  energy imbalance is the    most fundamental global climate indicator that the  scientific community and    the public can use as the measure of how well the  world is doing in the    task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under  control. Moreover, this    indicator is highly complementary to other established  ones like global    mean surface temperature as it represents a robust measure of  the rate of    climate change and its future commitment. We call for an  implementation of    the Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global  Stocktake    based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this  study,    updated from von Schuckmann et al. (2020), is underpinned by  worldwide    multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical  importance of    concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and    community-based recommendations and we also call for urgently needed actions    for enabling continuity, archiving, rescuing, and calibrating efforts to    assure  improved and long-term monitoring capacity of the global climate    observing  system. The data for the Earth heat inventory are publicly    available, and more  details are provided in Table 4.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-21 01:33:19.740578","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"SEA-LEVEL RISE;GPS RADIO OCCULTATION;BOREHOLE TEMPERATURE DATA;ICE THICKNESS;SURFACE PARAMETERS;OCEAN TEMPERATURE;LAND-SURFACE;MASS-BALANCE;CLIMATE;GREENLAND","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2025-09-18","DateCreate":"2023-07-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000989806100001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":365776,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"1675-1709","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"15","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":229338,"SerRR":"Earth System Science Data. 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