{"refrec":{"BRefID":365778,"RR":"<b>van Kemenade, Z.R.; Cutmore, A.; Hennekam, R.; Hopmans, E.C.; van der Meer, M.T.J.; Mojtahid, M.; Jorissen, F.; Bale, N.; Reichart, G.-J.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S; Rush, D.</b> (2023). Marine nitrogen cycling dynamics under altering redox conditions: Insights from deposition of sapropels S1 and the ambiguous S2 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 354</i>: 197-210. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.018\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.018</a>","BEntID":363500,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 354</i>: 197-210. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.018\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.018</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"van Kemenade, Z.R.; Cutmore, A.; Hennekam, R.; Hopmans, E.C.; van der Meer, M.T.J.; Mojtahid, M.; Jorissen, F.; Bale, N.; Reichart, G.-J.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S; Rush, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"van Kemenade, Z.R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) sedimentary record is  periodically    interspersed with organic-rich ‘sapropel’ layers. Sapropels are    characteristic of basin-wide anoxic events, triggered by precession-forced    insolation maxima. Relatively subdued insolation maxima, however, are not    always  expressed as distinct sapropel events. The EMS sedimentary record is    thus useful to investigate feedbacks between marine anoxia and the nitrogen    (N)  cycle and offers an analogue for modern deoxygenation and past  oceanic    anoxic events. To this end, we investigated a ∼68 kyr  sedimentary record    from the EMS containing the well-established sapropel S1  (deposited in two    phases: S1a [∼10.5–8.5 ka BP] and S1b [∼7.8–6.1 ka  BP]) and sediments timed    to the ambiguous S2 sapropel (∼53 ka BP). We used lipid biomarkers of    microorganisms to reconstruct key N-cycle  components: (1) anaerobic    ammonium oxidation (anammox) using ladderanes and a  stereoisomer of    bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT-<i>x</i>), (2) dinitrogen gas (N<sub>2</sub>)    fixation using heterocyte glycolipids, and (3) nitrification by    Thaumarchaeota  using crenarchaeol. Additionally, benthic foraminifera and    trace  metals (U, Mo, Mn) were used to reconstruct redox conditions. During    S1a,  abundances of Thaumarchaeota increased, likely promoted by elevated    high-nutrient freshwater discharge. At this time, a combination of    phosphorus  supply and intensified loss of bioavailable N via water column    anammox, may  have reinforced anoxia by favoring diatom-diazotroph    associations. During S1b,  anammox is equally intense. Yet, no positive    feedback on N<sub>2</sub>-fixation is observed, likely because diazotrophs    were phosphorus limited. Instead,  anammox may have provided negative    feedback on anoxia by quenching primary  production. Ladderanes suggest    additional episodes of anammox between ∼69  to 39 cal ka  BP, corresponding    to brief periods of water column deoxygenation. Anoxia likely  occurred at    the sediment–water interface in S2-timed  sediments (53–51 cal ka BP).    During these episodes, ladderanes  co-occur with the later eluting BHT-34    <i>R</i> stereoisomer. δ<sup>13</sup>C <sub>BHT-34<i>R</i></sub> indicate    an anammox source, potentially synthesized by marine sedimentary anammox    bacteria. No corresponding increase in diatom-diazotroph associations is    observed, likely due to the oligotrophic conditions and the limited effect    of  sedimentary anammox on N-availability in the euphotic zone. Our results    highlight various modes of operation of the N-cycle at different degrees of    deoxygenation, which depend amongst others on nutrient-availability and the    niche-segregation of N-loss and N<sub>2</sub>-fixating microorganisms.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Marine nitrogen cycling dynamics under altering redox conditions: Insights from deposition of sapropels S1 and the ambiguous S2 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-10 01:32:50.776733","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Marine nitrogen cycle; Sapropel; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; Lipid biomarkers; Anoxic events","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2023,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2023-07-20","DateCreate":"2023-07-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:001026035700001","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1,"DOI":"10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.018"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":365778,"PubliDate":2023,"Pagination":"197-210","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"354","Issue":null,"BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42901,"SerRR":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 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